A Study On The Effectiveness Of Taekwondo In Preventing And Controlling Myopia In Primary School Students

In the context of the increasingly serious problem of myopia among children and adolescents in China,a large number of studies have shown that physical exercise has a positive effect on the visual health of children and adolescents,but few studies have analysed the mathematical relationship between physical exercise interventions and uncorrected visual acuity and ocular parameters,which makes it impossible to quantify the effect of different numbers of physical exercise sessions on myopia prevention and control.Taekwondo is characterised by dynamic changes in relative position and distance,and has the characteristics of alternating distance-near vision with ciliary muscle training.Therefore,this study was based on the teaching of regular physical education classes,and took Taekwondo as an example to integrate ciliary muscle training into the teaching of regular physical education classes to observe the effects of Taekwondo on the uncorrected visual acuity,kinetic visual acuity and eye parameters of fifth grade primary school students,and explore the main effect factors causing changes in uncorrected visual acuity and kinetic visual acuity,and the experiment then introduces the integrated learning algorithm of machine learning theory into the experimental analysis to predict the trend and specific numerical changes of primary school students’ uncorrected visual acuity,and then proposes a method to quantitatively evaluate the effect of different teaching hours on the improvement of primary school students’ visual acuity,so as to provide theoretical basis and practical experience for realising the "precise prevention and control of myopia through physical exercise".Methods:This study mainly used the literature method,experimental method,mathematical and statistical method and model building method.A whole-group sampling method was used to select four classes in an experimental primary school in Suzhou,divided into an experimental group(Grade 5 classes 6 and 7)and a control group(Grade 5 classes 10 and 11).The experimental group was taught taekwondo sports for 16 weeks and the control group was taught regular physical education classes for 16 weeks.uncorrected visual acuity,kinetic visual acuity,axial length,corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth were measured using a kinetic visual acuity tester,standard logarithmic visual acuity chart light box and optical biometry.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 24.0 and machine learning model building was performed by SPPSPRO.Results:(1)After the experiment,the uncorrected visual acuity and kinetic visual acuity of the right and left eyes of the students in the experimental group showed significant increases compared with those before the experiment(P<0.01);the uncorrected visual acuity and kinetic visual acuity of the right and left eyes of the students in the control group showed no significant changes compared with those before the experiment(P>0.05).After the experiment,the students in the experimental group showed better improvement in their uncorrected visual acuity and kinetic visual acuity than those in the control group.In the experimental group,the improvement in uncorrected visual acuity of students with moderate to severe visual impairment was better than that of students with mild to moderate visual impairment,and the improvement in uncorrected visual acuity of students with mild to moderate visual impairment was better than that of students with emmetropic.(2)After the experiment,the axial length of the right and left eyes and the depth of the right anterior chamber of the eyes of the students in the experimental group showed a significant increase compared with those before the experiment(P<0.01),while the depth of the left anterior chamber of the eyes did not differ significantly from those before the experiment(P>0.05),and the corneal curvature of the right and left eyes decreased significantly compared with those before the experiment(P<0.01).In the control group,the axial length of both the left and right eyes increased significantly(P<0.01),the depth of the right and left anterior chamber did not change significantly(P>0.05),the corneal curvature of the left eye was significantly(P<0.05)and significantly(P<0.01)lower than before the experiment in the right eye.There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of axial length,corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth when compared at different stages(P>0.05),but the increase in axial length was greater in the control group students than in the experimental group students.(3)There was a main effect of the change in axial length on the change in uncorrected visual acuity(P<0.05),but there was no main effect of the change in corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth on the change in uncorrected visual acuity(P>0.05),and there was no interaction effect between the factors of axial length,corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth(P>0.05).(4)The classification model built by the CatBoost algorithm outperformed other mainstream machine learning algorithms in predicting the trend of change in uncorrected visual acuity,with a prediction accuracy of ≥81.8%.The regression model built by the Random Forest algorithm performed best in predicting specific values of change in uncorrected visual acuity.The machine learning model was used to quantitatively assess the visual acuity improvement of a student participating in 8 weeks of taekwondo exercise instruction,and the predicted results were in good agreement with the measured results.Conclusions:(1)Taekwondo had positive effects on the uncorrected visual acuity and kinetic visual acuity of primary school students.The improvement in uncorrected visual acuity varied between students with different visual acuity conditions,with students with severe visual impairment improving better than students with mild or moderate visual impairment,and students with mild or moderate visual impairment improving better than students with emmetropic.(2)Taekwondo had positive effects on pupils’ axial length,while the effects on anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature were small.(3)Axis length is the main effect factor of change in uncorrected visual acuity in primary school students,not the main effect factor of change in kinetic visual acuity in primary school students;corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth are not main effect factors causing changes in uncorrected visual acuity and kinetic visual acuity in primary school students.There were no interaction effects between the axial length,corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth of primary school students.(4)The CatBoost classification model can be used to predict the trend of change in uncorrected visual acuity,and the random forest regression model can be used to predict the specific value of change in uncorrected visual acuity.The machine learning model can be used to quantitatively evaluate the effect of different number of teaching sessions on the improvement of students’ uncorrected visual acuity.