Research On The Influence Of Health Education Based On Self-efficacy Theory On The Frailty Of Elderly People With Hypertension In Community

Objective:Understand the status and influencing factors of the elderly with hypertension in the community;Based on the theory of self-efficacy,a set of health education programs suitable for the elderly with hypertension and frail in the community was constructed,and its feasibility and practicality were verified.Methods:1 Cross-sectional investigation stageThe current situation of 360 elderly with hypertension in Bengbu City was investigated,the relevant influencing factors were analyzed,and the health education program was formed after group discussion.2 Intervention stageA convenient sampling method was used to select 68 patients with hypertension and frailty from Dongfeng Community of Bengbu City as the research subjects.There were 34 people in the intervention group,and health education programs based on self-efficacy theory were adopted,mainly including health lectures,We Chat education,group communication,social support,etc.There were 34 people in the control group,and the regular health education program with We Chat push as the main form was adopted.Before the intervention,3 months of intervention and 6 months of intervention,the Tilburg Frailty Scale(TFI),the Self-efficacy Evaluation Scale of Hypertensive Patients,and the Behavioral Compliance Scale of Hypertensive Patients were used to evaluate the application effect of health education programs designed based on self-efficacy theory in the community hypertension and frailty.SPSS 25.0 was used for data processing,and t-test,chi-square test,Mann-Whiteny U-rank sum test,one-way ANOVA,two-way repeated measure ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.Results:1 Cross-sectional stageIn this study,a total of 360 questionnaires were distributed and 353 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective rate of 98.05%.Frailty accounted for52.5% of the elderly with hypertension in the community,and 47.5% were non-frail.Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in gender,age,education,marital status,residence status,smoking,drinking,fall history,exercise,social support,sleep,hypertension grade,and disease course(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that falls,regular exercise,multiple medications,social support and hypertensive course were the influencing factors of frail elderly with hypertension(P<0.05),age,falls,regular exercise,multiple medications,social support and hypertension course were influencing factors of physical dimension frailty(P<0.05).Regular exercise and social support were factors of psychological frailty(P<0.05),while residential status was influencing factor of social dimension frailty(P<0.05).2 Intervention phase2.1 After 6 months of intervention,the scores of self-efficacy and behavioral compliance in the intervention group were significantly different from those in the control group(P<0.05).After 3 months and 6 months of intervention,the scores of hypertension self-efficacy and behavioral compliance in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with those before intervention,with statistical significance(P<0.05).2.2 After 6 months of intervention,the scores of TFI frailty,physical frailty,psychological frailty and social frailty in the intervention group were decreased compared with the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);After 6 months of intervention,the scores of TFI frailty,physical frailty,psychological frailty and social frailty in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with those before intervention,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).2.3 After 6 months of intervention,the scores of physiological,psychological and social dimensions of life quality in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),while the scores of environmental dimensions were not significantly improved(P>0.05);After 6 months of intervention,the scores of physiological,psychological and social dimensions of life quality in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with those before intervention,with statistical significance(P<0.05),while the scores of environmental dimension were not significantly improved(P>0.05).2.4 Only after 6 months of intervention,BMI and body fat percentage(%)in the intervention group were significantly improved compared with the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05),while other indicators had no significant change(P>0.05).Conclusion:1 The frailty of hypertensive elderly people is affected by falls,regular exercise,multiple medications,social support and the course of hypertension,and increasing attention to such human bodies,strengthening fall prevention education,promoting regular exercise,rational drug use and increasing social support are reasonable coping methods for community hypertension and frailty groups.2 Health education based on self-efficacy theory can improve the self-efficacy,behavioral compliance of the elderly with hypertension and frailty,improve their frail state,and improve the quality of life of the elderly.