Research On The Effect Of Basic Medical Insurance For Urban And Rural Residents On Relative Poverty Reduction

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)proposed that we should continue to make efforts to build the largest social security system in the world and achieve new results on the road to common prosperity.To achieve the goal of common prosperity,we need to pay attention to and solve the problem of poverty.By the end of 2020,China has completely eliminated the task of absolute poverty and lifted more than 90 million rural poor people out of poverty.However,in the new era,poverty is still a problem faced by all mankind.Relative poverty is the manifestation of poverty in today’s era.The attention and research on relative poverty is particularly important on the road to common prosperity.In addition,in order to promote rural revitalization and accelerate the process of urban-rural integration,the new task of China’s current poverty alleviation work should focus on the governance of relative poverty,and focus on the people who have been lifted out of poverty and those on the edge of poverty,to prevent the occurrence of large-scale poverty return.In order to control relative poverty and consolidate the existing results of poverty eradication,it is necessary to establish a mechanism for identifying relative poverty,continuously monitor the people who have been lifted out of poverty and those who are prone to fall into relative poverty,dynamically adjust the way of assistance according to their changes,and form a long-term mechanism for controlling relative poverty.In 2016,the two systems of basic medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical care were integrated to establish a unified basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents.The integrated medical insurance,together with the adjustment of payment and reimbursement policies,is conducive to the realization of fairness of benefits.China’s poverty relief efforts have won a comprehensive victory,which is also inseparable from the key role played by basic medical security as one of the main forces of poverty relief in "poverty prevention and relief".The survey data of the National Bureau of Rural Revitalization shows that disease is the primary cause of poverty in China,and the poverty rate of disease is far higher than that caused by disasters,poverty caused by learning,etc.Therefore,reducing poverty caused by disease is also the key to the governance of poverty in China.The role of medical insurance in poverty prevention and poverty eradication is mainly reflected in alleviating poverty caused by disease,especially in reducing medical expenditure.Therefore,studying the poverty reduction effect of medical insurance on relative poverty will provide some ideas for the governance of relative poverty,and also provide some direction for the improvement of China’s medical insurance system to a certain extent.Therefore,this paper studies the poverty reduction effect of medical insurance on multidimensional relative poverty.First of all,it discusses the research background and significance of this paper,and further clarifies the definition of relative poverty,the mechanism of health insurance poverty reduction,and the research methods and ideas of this paper through combing and summarizing the relevant literature.In addition,this paper discusses the theoretical basis and mechanism of medical insurance for poverty reduction of urban and rural residents,providing a basis for this study.Finally,in the empirical analysis,first of all,on the construction of relative poverty,because people’s needs for a better life are multifaceted,a single income indicator is not enough to accurately identify relative poverty,nor to alleviate or eliminate relative poverty,and the criteria for relative poverty are multidimensional.Therefore,this paper selects income,education,health,employment,quality of life,consumption expenditure,six dimensions,nine indicators,and uses A-F method to build a multidimensional relative poverty standard.The CHFS data of the third period 2015-2019 were selected to explore the impact of medical insurance on multidimensional relative poverty through the Probit model,analyze its role path,and further analyze its heterogeneity in urban and rural areas,age,and education.Finally,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)According to the Probit model analysis,social medical insurance has a significant role in alleviating multidimensional poverty.(2)Through PSM model and the way of changing multidimensional relative poverty threshold,the analysis shows that the role of social medical insurance on multidimensional relative poverty is reliable.(3)By selecting the intermediary variables of catastrophic medical expenditure and education investment to study the function path,the analysis shows that basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents can alleviate multidimensional relative poverty by reducing catastrophic medical expenditure and increasing education investment.(4)Through the heterogeneity analysis of different dimensions of urban and rural areas and education background,it is concluded that the social medical insurance has a significant poverty reduction effect on rural registered permanent residence and those with lower education background.Based on the research conclusion of this paper,in order to continue to improve the basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents in China,and establish a long-term mechanism to govern multi-dimensional relative poverty,the following suggestions are put forward:First,multi-dimensional relative poverty identification criteria should be established.Secondly,we should ensure that the poor groups should be fully insured,and provide adequate medical security for residents.Finally,we should provide residents with sustainable income security by ensuring employment,and block the intergenerational transmission of poverty by constantly improving the development of education mechanisms.The innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)In terms of research methods,the construction of relative poverty overcomes the shortcomings of relative poverty in a single income dimension and the limitations of the times,and selects income,education,health,employment,quality of life,and consumption expenditure.Dimension construction is relatively poor.Colleagues further explore the mechanism of urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance on multidimensional relative poverty by selecting intermediary variables catastrophic medical expenditure and education investment,so as to provide some ideas for medical insurance to cure relative poverty.(2)In terms of research conclusions,it not only demonstrates the poverty reduction effect of social medical insurance in rural areas and low-education groups,but also demonstrates the poverty reduction mechanism of urban and rural residents’ medical insurance by reducing catastrophic medical expenses and increasing education investment.(3)In the proposal of this article,the long-term mechanism of relative poverty governance is discussed in depth from system design to grass-roots implementation,so as to provide some ideas for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and governance of relative poverty.