| Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr.et Maxim.)Harms is a perennial plant of Araliaceae,with dried roots,rhizomes or stems as medicinal parts,which is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in China.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that polysaccharides,saponins,flavonoids,phenolic acids and other chemical components from A.senticosus have the effect of sedative,hypotensive,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory and anti-fatigue effects.In this study,the extraction process of polysaccharides,total flavonoids,saponins and phenolic acids from Acanthopanax senticosus was studied,and an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 9 monomer compounds from A.senticosus was established.The quality of A.senticosus in different habitats was evaluated,which can provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of A.senticosus resources and quality evaluation.The results are as follows:1.Based on the single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments,the extraction processes of polysaccharides,total saponins,flavonoids and phenolic acids were established.The best ultrasonic extraction conditions of polysaccharide from A.senticosus were that the extraction temperature is 60 °C,solid-liquid ratio is 1:40,extraction time is 50 min.The optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions of total saponins from A.senticosus were that the extraction temperature is70 °C,extraction time is 40 min,solid-liquid ratio is 1:45,ethanol concentration is 65%.The optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions of total flavonoids from A.senticosus were that the extraction temperature is 70 °C,extraction time is 40 min,solid-liquid ratio is 1:45,ethanol concentration is 60%.The optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions of total phenolic acids from A.senticosus were that extraction temperature is 35 °C,extraction time is 50 min,solid-liquid ratio is 1:25,ethanol concentration is 65%.Based on the above extraction methods,the medicinal components such as polysaccharides,saponins and flavonoids in different habitats were evaluated.The content of polysaccharide of two-year-old A.senticosus rhizomes in Hongtuya Town was the highest,which the contnent was 35.64 mg/g.The contents of total saponins,total flavonoids and total phenolic acids of three-year-old A.senticosus rhizomes of the three habitats were highest,which the content were 39.33 mg/g,48.64 mg/g and 40.07 mg/g,respectively.The three components in the stems of Acanthopanax senticosus were higher in Xiliudaojiang Town,which the content were 36.82 mg/g,51.76 mg/g and 42.43 mg/g,respectively.It shows that the rhizomes quality of 3-year-old A.senticosus in Sandaogou is better;the stem quality of 4-year-old A.senticosus in Liudaojiang Town was better.2.A high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of syringin,eleutheroside E,isofraxidin,rutin,hyperoside,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid from A.senticosus was established.Based on this method,the quality of A.senticosus was evaluated.The results showed that there were significant differences in the quality of A.senticosus in different habitats.The higher contents of syringin,chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in the rhizomes of different years of A.senticosus were found.The contents of syringin in the 2-year-old and 3-year-old rhizomes of A.senticosus in Sandaogou Town were significantly higher than those in Hongtuya Town and Xiliudaojiang Town,which the content were 2326 μg/g and 2306 μg/g,respectively.The contents of chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in the 3-year-old rhizomes of A.senticosus in Hongtuya Town were the highest,which the content were 4566 μg/g and 1393 μg/g,respectively.The contents of chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E were the highest in Xiliudaojiang Town,which the content were 6033 μg/g and1478 μg/g,respectively.The higher contents of chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in the stems of different habitats and different years were 1210 ～ 2282 μg/g.The content of eleutheroside E was 410 ～ 1130 μg/g.The content of syringin was only 232.54 ～ 493.7 μg/g in other habitats except for the 4-year-old A.senticosus in Sandaogou Town.3.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant(p < 0.01)positive correlation between chlorogenic acid and phenolic acids content,and there was a significant(p <0.05)positive correlation between alcohol extract and flavonoid content,which indicated that the detection of alcohol extract can reflect the quality of medicinal materials with flavonoid content as evaluation indexes.Therefore,the content of syringin,chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in the rhizome of A.senticosus were higher than other effective constituent,while the content of chlorogenic acid and eleutheroside E in the stem were higher,whcih suggested that the rhizome and stem should be used separately when A.senticosus is used;at the same time,we should considered habitat and age when it was harvested. |
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