Effect Of Nostalgia On Suicide Ideation And Its EEG Study

Objective:With the rapid development of society,a wave of nostalgia has gradually emerged.Research has shown that nostalgia has many psychological benefits,but few studies have further explored the impact of nostalgia on suicide ideation based on previous studies.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of nostalgia on suicide ideation.In order to comprehensively explore the impact of nostalgia on suicide ideation,this study is divided into two parts.The first part mainly explores the impact of nostalgia proneness on suicide ideation,while the second part mainly explores the impact of state nostalgia on suicide ideation.I hope to provide certain reference value for the impact and intervention of nostalgia on suicide ideation in the future through these two studies.Methods:This study explores the effects of nostalgia proneness and state nostalgia on suicide ideation.Study 1 mainly used a questionnaire method to explore the relationship between nostalgia proneness,meaning in life,and suicide ideation.In this study Meaning of Life Questionnaire(MLQ),Nostalgia Disposition Scale,and Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale(SIOSS)was used to investigate 818 military academy students through the Questionnaire Star platform.Study one conducted descriptive statistical tests to analyze the mediating role of life meaning between nostalgia proneness and suicide ideation.Study 2used network analysis methods to explore the impact of different nostalgia proneness on suicide ideation and meaning in life.Study Three used experimental methods to explore the effects of state nostalgia on social connection,meaning in life,psychological pain,and suicide ideation.A total of 1198 military academy students participated in the experiment(690 in the nostalgia group and 508 in the control group).Study three conducted descriptive statistical analysis and pre and post test difference testing.In study 4,according to the suicide interpersonal relationship theory,the structural equation was used to analyze whether social connection was the key factor affecting suicide ideation.Study 5 used event related potential technology to explore how state nostalgia affects the neuroelectrophysiological responses evoked by social connection stimuli.Results:The first study found the masking effect which indicated nostalgia can either negatively reduce suicide ideation through meaning in life or directly predict suicide ideation positively.The masking effect may occur because different types of nostalgic proneness are not considered.In study 2,the influence of different dimensions of nostalgia proneness on the meaning in life and suicide ideation was explored through network analysis.The results showed that social nostalgia proneness were negatively correlated with meaning perception(r=-0.18)and positively correlated with despair dimensions of suicide ideation(r=0.19),indicating that social nostalgia tendencies had a negative impact on meaning in life and suicide ideation.Study 3 explored the effect of state nostalgia on suicide ideation.Study 3 found that after inducing nostalgia,only the nostalgia group had positive emotions[F(1,1196)=19.784,p<0.001,η_p~2=0.016],social connection[F(1,1196)=19.784,p<0.001,η_p~2=0.016],meaning in life[F(1,1196)=5.370,p=0.021,η_p~2=0.004]increased while psychological pain[F(1,1196)=14.073,p<0.001,η_p~2=0.012]and suicide ideation[F(1,1196)=10.262,p=0.001,η_p~2=0.009]decrease.But for people with suicide ideation,suicide ideation did not decrease significantly after nostalgia.In order to further explore how state nostalgia affects suicide ideation,study 4established a relationship model centered on social connection according to the suicide interpersonal relationship theory and the correlation matrix between variables.In this study,the data of nostalgia group and control group fit well with the relationship model(nostalgia group:RMSEA=0.03,AGFI=0.97,GFI=0.99,CFI=0.99,NFI=0.99;Control group:RMSEA=0.07,AGFI=0.96,GFI=0.99,CFI=0.99,NFI=0.98),further path analysis showed that every intermediary path in the nostalgia group was significant,while every intermediary path in the control group was not significant.According to literature review,state nostalgia is related to approaching motivation,and the impact of state nostalgia on social connection may be due to individuals being more inclined towards positive social connection related stimuli after nostalgia.Study 5 further utilized the two choice Oddball task and EEG technology to explore the behavioral responses of individuals to different emotional valence images after inducing nostalgia.The results of study 5 showed that N2and P3 were present in both the nostalgia group and the control group.Further analysis showed that the amplitude of N2 induced by positive social connection pictures was larger than that of negative social association pictures in the nostalgic group,and the difference reached a significant level[F(1,33)=6.103,p=0.019,η_p~2=0.156].There was no significant difference in the amplitude of N2 induced by positive and negative social connection pictures in the control group[F(1,33)=2.066,p=0.160].The analysis of P3 component amplitudes showed that the P3 amplitudes induced by negative social connection pictures in the nostalgic group were significantly greater than those induced by positive emotional social connection pictures[F(1,33)=6.397,p=0.016,η_p~2=0.162],but there was no significant difference in P3 formation induced by negative and positive social connection images in the control group[F(1,33)=1.646,p=0.208].Conclusion:The research results on nostalgia proneness indicate that there may be different ways in which nostalgia proneness affect suicide ideation,and different types of nostalgia proneness need to be distinguished.When an individual’s tendency towards nostalgia is individual nostalgia or family nostalgia,a higher tendency towards nostalgia is a protective factor for suicide ideation.However,when an individual’s tendency towards nostalgia is social nostalgia,it indicates dissatisfaction with their current living conditions,and social nostalgia is a risk factor for suicide ideation.This means that different nostalgia proneness need to be distinguished in future research.The results of state nostalgia indicate that state nostalgia can enhance positive emotions,social connections,and meaning in life,reduce psychological pain and suicide ideation.However,there was no significant decrease in suicide ideation among individuals with suicide ideation,indicating that nostalgia has a certain preventive effect on suicide ideation in normal populations.Further analysis of the results of the structural equation model indicates that social connection is a key factor in reducing suicide ideation through state nostalgia.The results of event related potentials indicate that after nostalgia,individuals have an attention bias towards positive social connection images in the early stages of attention,indicating that state nostalgia can make individuals pay more attention to positive social connection stimuli,and this attention bias will continue until subsequent behavioral inhibition.