Study On The Trends In Prevalence And Clustering Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Their Relationships With Hypertension Among Rural Residents Of Luoping County,Yunnan Province

Objectives: The aim of study was to analyze the epidemic status and trend in prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors,as well as to study the prevalence and trend of hypertension among rural residents of Luoping county,Yunnan province.Exploring the relationship between prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in local areas.Methods: A repeated cross-sectional surveys design was employed.The rural residents aged ≥ 35 years old in Luoping county,Yunnan Province were selected by multistage stratified random sampling in 2011 and 2021 respectively.Each participant received questionnaire interview and physical examination.The data of basic demographic,cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension were collected through questionnaire.Physical examination including height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure.Principal component analysis was used to construct the socioeconomic comprehensive score.Chi-square test was used for count data,t-test was used for measurement data,logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension.Results: In this study,a total of 3198 and 2580 people were investigated in2011 and 2021 respectively,3092 and 2539 valid questionnaires were obtained respectively,the response rate were 96.7% and 98.4% respectively.Compared to those in 2011,significantly decreased prevalence rate in 2021 were reported by the participants for current smoking(28.0% vs.38.3%),passive smoking(21.9% vs.48.0%),alcohol drinking(17.8% vs.28.0),not getting three meals a day on time ≥ 3days a week(18.5% vs.41.7%),having pickled products ≥ 3 days a week(28.9% vs.62.8%),and consuming oily or fatty food ≥ 3 days a week(17.8% vs.61.9%)(all P<0.05);but significantly increased rates were reported in 2021 for overweight(35.2% vs.19.6%),obesity(13.6% vs.4.9%),central obesity(68.0% vs.43.7%),preference for high-salt diet(18.6% vs.14.7%),and consuming fruits and vegetables< 3 days a week(3.2% vs.0),respectively(all P<0.05).The clustering rate of cardiovascular risk factors dropped from 90.4% in 2011 to76.7% in 2021 among all the participants(P<0.001),and the rate declined among the participants of various subgroups(gender,ethnic,age,degree of education,income level,access to availability of medical institutions,and socioeconomic position)(all P<0.05).From 2011 to 2021,the prevalence of hypertension among the surveyed population increased from 20.1% to 41.6%(P<0.001),and this increasing rate was also observed among the subgroups categorized by gender,ethnic,age,degree of education,income level,access to availability of medical institutions,socioeconomic position and family history of hypertension(all P<0.05).logistic regression showed that current smoking(OR=1.437),passive smoking(OR=1.460),overweight(OR=1.715),obesity(OR=2.583),central obesity(OR=1.911),preference for high-salt diet(OR=1.395),and having pickled products ≥3 days a week(OR=1.327)had a positive effect on hypertension in 2011;overweight(OR=1.537),obesity(OR=2.844)and central obesity(OR=1.627)had a positive effect on hypertension in 2021.The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors had a positive effect on hypertension in 2011(OR=1.729)and 2021(OR=1.807).Conclusion: From 2011 to 2021,among rural adult residents in Luoping county of Yunnan province,the rates of current smoking,passive smoking,alcohol drinking,not getting three meals a day on time ≥ 3 days a week,having pickled products ≥ 3 days a week,consuming oily or fatty food ≥ 3 days a week,and clustering rate of cardiovascular risk factors decreased;while the rates of overweight,obesity,central obesity,preference for high-salt diet,and consuming fruits and vegetables < 3 days a week,and hypertension increased.In 2021,overweight,obesity,central obesity and the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors had a positive effect on hypertension.It is suggested that relevant local departments should take corresponding prevention and control measures according to the epidemic level and trend of cardiovascular risk factors,so as to reduce the clustering rate of cardiovascular risk factors and the incidence of hypertension.