Study On Prevalence And Influencing Factors Of Hypertension Among Rural Adult Residents In Areas Along The Yangtze River In Anhui Province

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to understand the status and distribution of the hypertension among the rural adult residents in areas along the Yangtze river in Anhui province. And explore the associations between the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and behavior as well as urine metal elements(chromium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and cadmium) and hypertension, for the purpose of providing relevant theoretical basis of hypertension. MethodsA multistage-stratified cluster sampling was conducted in this study from September 2014 to June 2015. Firstly, 7 towns were selected from Ma’anshan, Chizhou and Tongling, and then villages were selected from the selected towns. The residents of selected villages aged 18 or above were enrolled in the investigation. A questionnaire was used to investigate the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and behavior of participants as well as physical examinations were conduced, and the urine samples were also collected on the next morning of each recruitment day. The urine cadmium was tested by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, while urine chromium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc were tested by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The χ2 test、Mann-Whitney test were used in the univariate analysis, and the unconditional logistic regression was used to study the influencing factors of hypertension.Results2873 questionnaires were used in the investigation, but 2582(89.9%) were valid. And 201 participants without urine samples due to various reasons. And finally 2381(82.9%) participants were vaild in the investigation. The prevalence of hypertension was 30.7%(the standardized prevalence was 18.1%). And the rates of awareness, treatment and control were 49.7%, 39.3% and 16.9%, respectively.Significant differences were existed of prevalence for hypertension in the different age group, educational level, marital status, occupation, average annual household income, smoking, drinking, work intensity, sleep time and sleep quality(all P<0.05), but no significant differences were existed in the different sex, status of passive smoking and sedentary time(P=0.071, 0.057 and 0.135, respectively). The participants of hypertension have lower level of urine zinc and higher level of urine iron, manganese compared to non-hypertension without adjust urine creatinine(all P<0.05). While the level of urine chromium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and cadmium of hypertension were higher after adjust urine creatinine(all P<0.05). The multivariate analysis show that average annual household income was the protective factor of hypertension, while age, drinking, BMI, waist circumference as well as higher level of urine copper were risk factors. ConclusionsThe hypertension was still an important public health problem among the rural adult residents in areas along the Yangtze river in Anhui province. It’s important to improve the rates of awareness, treatment and control among the participants of hypertension. The hypertnsion was strongly associated with the age, drinking, average annual household income, BMI, waist circumference and the level of urine copper.