Relationship Between Lifestyle And Abnormal Glucose Metabolism In Elderly People

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between lifestyle,such as physical activity intensities,dietary patterns,and Type 2 diabetes(T2DM)and prediabetes among elderly people in urban communities,so as to provide a scientific basis for dietary guidelines for the prevention of T2 DM,and to accumulate data for clarifying the occurrence and development of T2 DM.Methods In this study,a cross-sectional design was adopted to include 2,010 functionally independent elderly people aged ≥60 years.All of them were enrolled in a questionnaire survey to collect socio-demographic characteristics and physical activities information.Anthropometric indicators such as height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference were measured,and blood biochemical indicators such as fasting blood glucose,2 hours post-meal blood glucose,blood lipid,liver and kidney function were measured.In addition,1271 people with abnormal glucose metabolism(including pre-diabetes and T2DM)were investigated by dietary questionnaire to collect food intake information.Results(1)By factor analysis,five dietary patterns were extracted,which were alcoholic protein dietary pattern,dairy snack dietary pattern,meat and vegetable mixed dietary pattern,beverage vegetarian dietary pattern and grain potato fruit dietary pattern.There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics and anthropometric indicators among these five dietary patterns.In terms of blood biochemical indices,there were significant differences in Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),Creatinine(Cr)and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)among different dietary patterns(P<0.05).(2)There were 739 people in normal blood glucose group,844 people in pre-diabetes group,and 427 people in diabetes group.Demography,age,annual income,smoking history,family history of diabetes,and history of elevated blood glucose were statistically different among the three groups(P<0.05);In anthropometric indices,Body Mass Index(BMI),Waist,Hipline,Weight,Waist-to-Hip Ratio(WHR),Waist-Height Ratio(WHt R),Systolic blood pressure(SBP)were statistically different(P<0.05);In terms of blood biochemical indexes,Fasting Plasma Glucose(FPG),2-hour Plasma Glucose(2h PG),ALT,AST,Total bilirubin(TBi L),Cr and Triglyceride(TG)were statistically different(P<0.05);The comparison of snack and milk indexes between the pre-diabetic group and the diabetic group was statistically significant.The snack intake of the pre-diabetic group was higher than that of the diabetic group(P=0.025),and the milk intake of the pre-diabetic group was higher than that of the diabetic group(P=0.006).(3)By regression analysis of the factors affecting abnormal glucose metabolism,it was concluded that the probability of diabetes in people with no history of elevated blood sugar was 0.413 times higher than that in people with history of elevated blood sugar.The older you are,the higher your risk of diabetes;The heavier you are,the greater your risk of diabetes;The higher the blood pressure,the greater the risk of diabetes;The higher the ALT,the greater the risk of diabetes;Milk is a protective factor for diabetes.The more milk consumed,the lower the risk of diabetes.The more meat you eat,the greater your risk of diabetes.(4)There was no statistical significance in physical activities intensity and sitting time under different glucose metabolism groups.(5)The U test of two independent samples was used to analyze the difference of factor scores in dietary patterns between the prediabetic group and the diabetic group.The results showed that the factor scores of the milk snack pattern were statistically significant between the two groups(P=0.018),the score of milk and milk snack pattern in the prediabetic group was higher than that in the diabetic group,and pair-to-pair comparison of other dietary patterns showed no statistical difference.(6)Taking dietary patterns and physical activities as interaction items,binary Logistics regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of interaction items and whether diabetes occurred.The results showed that dietary pattern and physical activity had no interaction effect on whether diabetes occurred.Conclusion In Chengguan District,Lanzhou City,Gansu Province,the dietary patterns of the elderly people with abnormal glucose metabolism were mostly grain potato and fruit,and the dietary patterns of alcoholic protein were the least.There were significant differences in demographic characteristics,physical examination and blood biochemical examination among the elderly population under different glucose metabolic states.History of elevated blood glucose,old age,high body weight and high ALT were risk factors for diabetes.No significant correlation was found between dietary pattern,physical activities and their interaction with abnormal glucose metabolism in the elderly population,but meat consumption was a risk factor for diabetes,and milk consumption was a protective factor for diabetes.