Colonial Management And Plunder Of Graziery In Northeast China By "South Manchuria Railway Co.,Ltd."(1906-1945)

In 1904,Russo-Japanese War broke out.The result of the war was that Japan,the victor,inherited many Russian rights and interests in Northeast China.In order to facilitate management,Japan had set up the governor’s office of Kwantung State and "South Manchuria Railway Co.,Ltd."(abbreviated as "Manchuria").After that,"Manchurian Railway" became the agency of Japan’s colonial policy.Its first president,Shinpei Goto,put forward the theory of "the armed preparation of literary outfit",which was manifested in plundering all kinds of resources in Northeast China.Japan’s livestock resources were poor,and its demand for livestock products had long depended on foreign countries.After Northeast China became its sphere of influence,livestock products were one of the targets of its plunder.The means of plunder was to carry out animal husbandry investigation and carry out so-called scientific research activities.The livestock policies formulated by Japan provide more guarantee for its invasion.Graziery in Northeast China had always been extensive,and the livestock were in the state of natural growth,which was obviously not conducive to Japan’s plunder of livestock resources in Northeast China.In order to cultivate livestock that could meet the needs of Japan,"South Manchuria Railway Co.,Ltd." set up a lot of experimental institutions in affiliated areas to carry out various improvement tests on livestock,attempting to improve the quality of livestock products and achieve the purpose of fully plundering livestock products.After the establishment of "Manchuria",it inherited some scientific research institutions of the "South Manchuria Railway Co.,Ltd.",and at the same time a number of new scientific research institutions were set up.These institutions had undertaken the improvement of horses,sheep,cattle and other livestock and the prophylaxis and control of livestock epidemics.The effect of livestock improvement was not the same: the improvement of horses and cattle failed,while the crossbreeding of sheep breeds had some effect on the improvement of wool quality.Although the prophylaxis and control of livestock epidemics was objectively beneficial to reduce the harm of livestock epidemics to graziery in Northeast China,its fundamental purpose was not to develop animal husbandry in Northeast China,but to better plunder animal resources.With the deepening of Japan’s invasion and expansion,the demand for military supplies increased rapidly.Livestock products were important military supplies.Wool could be used in the manufacture of military bedding.As a non-staple food,livestock meat were an important part of Japanese soldiers’ food.Therefore,Japan had stepped up the plunder of wool industry and meat processing industry by establishing companies,improving the way of livestock slaughter and other means.Japan’s plunder of livestock products in Northeast China was inseparable from livestock policy.A series of livestock policy formulated by Japan had different characteristics in different stages,but its purpose was always to plunder animal resources in Northeast China.