A Study On Compound Words Of Antonymous Morphemes In Teaching Chinese As A Second Language

Compound words of antonymous morphemes are formed by combining monosyllabic antonyms and changing their lexical meanings.There are a limited number of these words in modern Chinese,and they are used frequently.At present,there is not enough research on compound words of antonymous morphemes in Teaching Chinese as a Second Language,mainly focusing on the study of language ontology.The research results of teaching methods or teaching strategies are relatively few.This thesis establishes a survey vocabulary based on compound words of antonymous morphemes appearing in the three outlines of 《 The Syllabus of Chinese Vocabulary and Chinese Characters》(2001),《The Graded Chinese Syllables,Characters and Words for the application of Teaching Chinese to the Speakers of Other Languages》(2010)and《New Chinese Proficiency Test Syllabus》(2009).Based on the existing research achievements in academia,we carry out the ontology research and error analysis of compound words of antonymous morphemes from the semantic and grammatical aspects.We explore the causes of the errors to guide students to avoid such errors and put forward practical teaching suggestions.This study divides the types of compound words of antonymous morphemes and analyzes related errors from the perspective of semantics.Compound words of antonymous morphemes can be divided into five types:“加合型”“概括型”“偏义型”“选择型”and“转指型”based on the relationship between word meaning and morpheme meaning.Foreign students have problems in understanding the meanings of various compound words of antonymous morphemes.This chapter also analyzes the related errors.Then,this study analyzes the order of morpheme,grammatical attributes,syntactic functions,external combinations and related errors of compound words of antonymous morphemes from the perspective of grammar.In the morpheme order,the morpheme order of compound words is established by convention.To a certain extent,people are used to arranging the words according to the order of tone or semantic.In terms of grammatical attributes,the grammatical attributes of compound words and the morphemes are not necessarily the same.Some compound words of antonymous morphemes are multi-category words.In the syntactic functions,compound words of antonymous morphemes are more used as subjects,objects,and attributions,and less as predicates,adverbials,and complements.In external combination,based on part of speech,noun and verb compound words of antonymous morphemes have common combinations,and some phrases cannot be combined;based on structural methods and prosody rules,under normal circumstances,verb compound words of antonymous morphemes cannot be combined with monosyllable nouns to form a subject-predicate structure,adjective compound words of antonymous morphemes cannot be combined with monosyllable nouns to form a subject-predicate structure,and verb compound words of antonymous morphemes cannot be combined with monosyllable nouns to form a predicate structure.We also analyzed the related grammatical errors.Based on the above ontology research and error analysis,we summarize the errors of compound words of antonymous morphemes into the difficulty of acquiring compound words of antonymous morphemes,the generalization of the target language knowledge,the problems in teaching Chinese as a foreign language,ignorance of relevant issues in the syllabus and textbook,and put forward countermeasures such as morpheme method teaching,situational teaching,step-by-step instruction,improving the syllabus and textbook.We also adopt the above teaching suggestions and take"矛盾"as a example to design teaching.