Research On The Teaching Of “Antonymous Compound Words” In International Chinese Education

An antonym compound word refers to a coordinate compound word composed of two monosyllabic morphemes with opposite meanings.It is a relatively special category in Chinese vocabulary,with their own characteristics in word formation,meaning,grammar,and culture.Especially some words have inconsistent meanings with morphemes and are prone to confusion with similar words or synonyms.Therefore,international students may make some errors when learning and using these types of words.On the basis of sorting out the ontology knowledge of antonym compound words,this article uses the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the survey questionnaire of international students at Shandong University of Technology as the corpus to analyze the errors,provide corresponding suggestions.It is hoped that this can provide some useful reference for the teaching of antonym compound words.This article is divided into the following four parts:This article starts with the classification and characteristic analysis of antonymous compound words,summarizes three common classification methods of antonymous compound words,and analyzes the characteristics of antonymous compound words at the word meaning and grammar levels,revealing the characteristics of the overall,abstract,and general meaning of antonymous compound words,and summarizing antonymous compound words with homogeneous and heterogeneous relationships.In addition,antonym compound words in terms of color and culture also reflect their own uniqueness.Subsequently,a statistical analysis was conducted on the distribution of antonyms in the “Chinese Level Standards in International Chinese Education”(hereinafter referred to as the “Standards”)and mainstream textbooks represented by the “Standard Course for HSK” and“Developing Chinese”.The author found that a certain number of antonymous compound words were also added to the newly added vocabulary at levels 7-9 in the “Standards”,but the number of antonyms arranged in the textbooks and their proportion in the “Standards” were relatively small,Therefore,it is necessary to increase the number of antonyms in textbooks.By searching the corpus of antonymous compound words in the HSK dynamic composition corpus,a total of 556 erroneous corpora were retrieved,which were divided into omitted word morpheme errors,added errors,omitted errors,and misused errors.Furthermore,based on a survey conducted on international students from the School of International Education at Shandong University of Technology,a detailed analysis was conducted on the errors and survey results of these language materials.It was found that international students have significant difficulties in acquiring extended antonymous compound words,heterogenous antonymous compound words,and polysemy antonymous compound words,and are prone to misuse errors.Finally,based on the analysis of errors,it is concluded that the main reasons for students’ errors are the difficulty of learning and using antonyms themselves,the tendency of students to excessively analogize,the influence of teachers’ teaching habits,and improper textbook arrangement.Therefore,appropriate suggestions were made for the textbook and teaching of antonyms.In terms of teaching,teachers should gradually,from easy to difficult,focus on teaching and practice more,and combine cultural and historical factors to carry out targeted teaching;We must keep up with the times,be adept at using modern technological means,and use resources such as the internet and short videos for interesting teaching.In terms of textbooks’ writing,the proportion of antonymous compound words should be appropriately increased,and the order in which they are displayed in the textbook should be adjusted to improve the repetition rate.The number and types of practice questions should be increased for different stages of the textbook to promote students’ learning and acquisition of antonymous compound words.By proposing the above suggestions,we hope to provide some reference significance for the teaching and learning of antonyms.