| With the introduction of western learning to the east,a new culture in the art world was brought about,and increasing numbers of insightful people saw the importance of art education,especially Cai Yuanpei’s idea of "aesthetic education".Art education became an increasingly important part of the modern Chinese education system.In order to save the country and survive,the Chinese government had introduced a policy of studying abroad in order to ’master the skills of the barbarians to control them’,and the work-study movement in France was also in full swing,with the help of the most knowledgeable people in China,who provided support in terms of places and funding for study in France.The opportunities for art students in China are undoubtedly greater.Confronted with the world’s art centre,France,these students were so impressed by its powerful appeal that they went to France to study art,one after another,and became the main force behind the development of art education in modern China.The number of art students who stayed in France reached a peak in the1920 s and 1930 s.Most of them chose the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Paris and the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts de Lyon,where they were taught by the French school of art.Upon their return to China,most of these students went into art education and taught at major art schools.Seeing the decline of art education in China,they attempted to combine what they had learned in France with the practicalities of art education in China,and devoted themselves to the modernization of art education in modern China.This study focuses on three aspects of art education: art curriculum,art teaching and the academic study of art,and discusses the specific contributions of the art students have ever studied in France to modern Chinese art education through a systematic account and case studies.To improve the art curriculum,after returning from their studies in France,the students set up new courses of "stage background painting","pastel painting" and arts and crafts;adhered to the French academic style,attached great importance to "drawing" and "sketching" courses,making them more standardized;tried to strengthen the integration of Chinese and Western art through a combination of Chinese and Western courses.In the case of Yan Wenliang,an art student studying in France,and the curriculum of the private Suzhou Fine Arts College,describes the optimization of the school’s basic art curriculum after his return to France,the establishment of a special practical art curriculum,and the establishment of a "hidden art curriculum" to improve the school’s art curriculum.To improve the effectiveness of art teaching,the students introduced new art teaching methods and developed their own distinctive art teaching style;wrote their own teaching methods and developed their own personal art teaching style;improved the studio teaching system and student assessment system;spared no effort in teaching and helping students,building a harmonious relationship between teacher and pupil.Later,using the art teaching of Xu Beihong,an art student who stayed in France at the Art Department of the National Central University,as a case study,describes Xu Beihong’s unique art teaching,his rigour in teaching and his care and assistance to his students.In the terms of academic art study,the art students studying in France,vigorously organized art exhibitions and lectures to strengthen art academic exchanges and broaden their art horizons;attached great importance to the establishment of art groups to build a platform for art exchanges and research;founded a large number of art journals to broaden the channels of art exchanges,which strengthened the public’s understanding of art and improved their aesthetics.Taking Lin Fengmian,an art student who stayed in France,his art scholarship at the National Hangzhou College of Fine Arts as a case study,describes how the Art Movement Society,founded by Lin Fengmian,strengthened art research,held art exhibitions to promote art scholarly exchanges,and widely disseminated the results of art scholarship through the establishment of art journals.The art students who studied in France contributed to the development of art education in modern China,making the content of art education more systematic and extensive,especially in supplementing and perfecting sculpture and arts and crafts;they trained a large number of art talents for the development of art education in modern China,It also helped to promote the socialization of art education and to improve the aesthetic ability of the general public;they provided experience and ideas for the integration of East and West in contemporary art education,helping China to build an art education system with Chinese characteristics. |
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