Study On The Conflict Of Interest And Coordination Of Multiple Subjects Of Heritage Sites From The Perspective Of Actor-Network

Entering the 14 th Five Year Plan period,cultural heritage tourism has become a new business form for the integrated development of culture and tourism.At present,the interests of multiple stakeholders in heritage sites are complex and complex,leading to prominent issues of interest disputes.This has become the core issue of heritage tourism.To ensure sustainable cultural heritage tourism,it is crucial to alleviate and resolve conflicts of interest among stakeholders.The Shaolin Temple in Songshan is a world cultural heritage with special cultural significance in China.It is imperative to explore how to coordinate the interests of all parties in protection and development.Previous studies have shown that the role and status of stakeholders have a significant impact on their interests,especially in World Heritage sites,which need to be further explored in theory and practice.This article takes the world cultural heritage site of Songshan Shaolin Temple as the research object,and specifically uses methods such as literature analysis,field research,and a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore the diverse interests and complex interest relationships of the cultural heritage tourism of Songshan Shaolin Temple.Specifically,based on stakeholder theory and actor network theory,a framework for analyzing the interest relationship network of multiple entities in Shaolin Temple in Songshan under the leadership of interest demands was constructed.On this basis,the fit and conflict interests between interest subjects were analyzed;Through the process of problem presentation,benefit allocation,recruitment and mobilization,and objection,a network of interest relationships was constructed.The characteristics of the network of interest relationships among multiple subjects were analyzed,and the optimization path for the dynamic balance of the interest relationship network of Shaolin Temple in Songshan was explored.After analysis,the following conclusions have been drawn:(1)The core stakeholders involved in the cultural heritage tourism of Songshan Shaolin Temple include human actors centered around the government,tourism enterprises,residents,tourists,and monks,as well as non-human actors centered around material culture(such as Shaolin Temple,Pagoda Forest,etc.)and intangible culture(such as Shaolin Kung Fu,Shaolin Pharmacy,Zen,etc.).(2)The overall interest demands of the interest groups of Shaolin Temple in Songshan show significant differences in various dimensions.The interest demands of multi-subjects can be summed up into four dimensions: economic demands,local participation demands,environmental demands and cultural demands.Among them,The economic and environmental demands have a moderate degree of difference and a weak correlation with the types of stakeholders;There is a strong degree of difference between local participation demands and cultural demands,and a strong correlation with the types of stakeholders.(3)The tendency of Shaolin Monastery multi-subjects’ interests demands is obvious.The overall demands of relevant government departments are high,the economic demands and local participation demands are obvious,and the degree of cultural demands is the weakest,which is significantly different from other interest demands.Tourism enterprises have obvious economic and environmental demands,while cultural demands and local participation demands are weak.Residents have strong economic demands,and local participation demands and cultural demands are weak,which are significantly different from other demands.Tourists have strong cultural and environmental demands,while local participation demands are weak,which is significantly different from other interest demands.The overall demands of the monks are higher,and the cultural demands and local participation are the strongest,and there is no significant difference from other interest demands.(4)Differences in roles and status cause matching interests and conflicting interests among multiple subjects.Local residents,tourism companies and governments put economic demands first;Tourists,residents and tourism companies put environmental demands second;Tourists,residents and tourism businesses put local participation in fourth place.Although some stakeholders have a positive attitude towards cultural heritage tourism,their behavior may or may not be supportive,resulting in multiple conflicts of interest among stakeholders,including tourists and residents,monks,and scenic spot management committees,between the government and local residents and monks,between tourism enterprises and the government,residents and tourists.(5)Construction of interest relationship network of Songshan Shaolin Temple.The basis of the operation of the interest network is the joint participation of various actors,and the driving force of the network operation is the matching interests and conflicting interests between the actors.The demands of all stakeholders jointly point to a compulsory access point,that is,"to achieve the sustainable development of cultural heritage tourism in Songshan Shaolin Temple".In the process of indication,the government is the key actor,guiding other actors into the network.In the process of mobilization,the lower level of government responds to the call of the higher level government and exercises power over residents,tourists,and tourism enterprises.The conflict of interest in the process of objection is objective,and it is an opportunity to promote the development of the network.(6)Analysis of the characteristics of the interest network.The Shaolin Temple Interest Network is the result of the joint efforts of various actors.The network of interests is clearly characteristic.First,multiple actions are logically oriented and the relationship of interests is intricate;Second,the awareness of economic development is obvious,and the stamina for heritage protection is insufficient;The residents,local governments and monks have obvious awareness of economic development,and the protection of heritage is obviously insufficient;Third,network participation is polarized,and strong and weak subjects are layered;The participation of the government and monastic networks is deep,while the participation of local residents and tourists networks is shallow,and strong and weak subjects cannot form close connections.Fourth,the local cultural awareness is insufficient,and the cultural space experience is single;The cultural awareness of residents and tourists is insufficient,and the cultural experience space of tourists is lacking and uninteresting,and the interests of the two are loose.(7)Optimization path of interest relationship network: First,coordinate the interests of all parties and accelerate the passage of compulsory passage points.Give play to the authority and influence of local governments and do a good job of overall planning and coordination.Second,pay attention to heritage value,merger protection and value mining.consolidating symmetry between non-human and human actors;Third,strengthen network participation and stimulate the initiative of vulnerable subjects.Give priority to vulnerable subjects,stimulate the enthusiasm of network participation,and strengthen the binding of interests between strong and weak subjects;Fourth,strengthen cultural cognition and enrich cultural space experience.Enhance the cultural appreciation and cultural space experience of local residents and tourists.Under the framework of interest network analysis,this paper deeply discusses the characteristics and contradictions of the interests of multiple subjects in Songshan Shaolin Temple,enriches the research on the transformation of conflicts into order by various stakeholders in the cultural heritage tourism of Songshan Shaolin Temple,and has reference value for the analysis of interest relations of other types of heritage sites.