| Objective:Zhang Zhongjing wrote "Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases",which was respected by later generations as "the ancestor of prescription books" and by later generations as a medical sage for its meticulous identification of evidence,less but more precise medicine,specialized and powerful medicine,excellent combination,and precise therapeutic effect.The book records Zhang Zhongjing’s flexible use of mineral medicine with precise curative effects,which has high clinical guidance and research value.However,there is less or less comprehensive literature to carry out research in this area;at the same time,the safe dose of mineral medicine is difficult to grasp,which can easily lead to heavy metal poisoning and difficulties in human metabolism,etc.thus causing less and less clinical use."Traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of ancient Chinese science and the key to open the treasury of Chinese civilization".Mineral medicine is also one of the medicinal sources of Chinese medicine;therefore,this study,based on the Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases,deeply explores and summarizes the rules and experiences of Zhongjing in applying mineral medicine in theory and clinical practice,etc.,in order to provide reference and reference for the clinical use of mineral medicine.Methods:From several aspects such as literature research,drug dosage measurement,and Zhongjing’s experience in using drugs,a comprehensive and in-depth discussion of the mineral medicines used by Zhongjing is presented.1.Literature review of Zhongjing’s use of mineral medicine.We have reviewed the Ming Dynasty’s Zhao Kaimei’s engraved version of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever,the Treatise on the Essential Formula of the Jin Kui,and later influential commentaries,such as the Jin Dynasty’s Cheng Wuji’s Commentary on the Treatise on Typhoid Fever,the Yuan Dynasty’s Zhao Yide’s Derivation of the Treatise on the Golden Kui Formula,the Ming Dynasty’s Fang Youcheng’s Article Discernment of the Treatise on Typhoid Fever,the Qing Dynasty’s Yu Genchu’s Common Treatise on Typhoid Fever,the Qing Dynasty’s Cao Yingfu’s Typhoid Fawei,the Qing Dynasty’s Xu Bin’s Note on the Treatise on the Essential Formula of the Jin Kui,and the Qing Dynasty’s Youyi’s Xindian on the Essential Formula of the Jin Kui.He compiles the mineral medicines and their prescriptions in the Treatise on Typhoid Fever,discusses the rules and significance of mineral medicines and prescriptions based on various commentaries and modern pharmacology,and analyzes the application of Zhongjing’s mineral medicines in theory and clinical use.2.Dosimetric study of Zhongjing’s use of mineral medicine.For the mineral drugs that were not measured in "Heng" in the "Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases",we referred to the Dictionary of Chinese Medicine,the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China,the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related papers(Huang Yingjie,Study on the dosage of drugs in the "Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases" and related issues),and conducted actual weight measurements for the unrecorded drug amounts.The drug ratios of one tael equivalent to 3 grams,one tael equivalent to 10 grams,and one tael equivalent to 15.6 grams,as well as the ratios of drugs in the whole formula were compared in the Treatise on Typhoid Fever.The decoctions of Bai Hu Tang and Tong Gao Cheng Qi Tang were performed according to the original decoction method in the formula.The ratio of medicine to water is appropriate,and there is no case of too much medicine and too little water or too little medicine and too much water;it is in accordance with modern dosage habits.In contrast,according to one tael equals 3grams or one tael equals 15.6 grams,the ratio of drugs not measured by "balance" to the unit dose of drugs measured by measurement is unreasonable;it is easy to have more drugs with less water or more drugs with less water;it is not in line with the common modern dosage.3.The rules and experience of Zhongjing in using mineral medicine.To summarize the rules and experiences of Zhang Zhongjing in using mineral medicine in theory and clinical practice and other aspects,and to discuss them in depth.Results:1.There are 24 mineral medicines commonly used by Zhongjing,involving 63 first prescriptions.2.Referring to the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China,we find that the mineral medicines used by Zhongjing are mostly cold,with more of them attributed to Yangming,Shao Yin and Tai Yin,heavy in quality,and mostly non-toxic.3.Among the formulas containing mineral drugs,soup formulas were the most frequent,with a total of 44 formulas;followed by powder and pill formulas.The higher frequencies of mineral medicine making use in soup formulations were 10 g,20 g,80 g and 160 g.4.The efficacy of the formula is based on clearing heat and fire,diarrhea,softening the firmness and calming the mind,etc.Commonly used mineral medicine combinations include:gypsum with ephedra,Zhi Mu,ginseng and licorice;mannite with rhubarb;dragon bone with oyster;slippery stone with 100 contracts;red stone resin with dry ginger,etc.5.In addition to the internal use of mineral medicine,Zhongjing also has external uses such as moistening,smoking,branding,dipping and sitting.Conclusion:In the Han Dynasty,the use of mineral medicine in Chinese medicine was already quite extensive,especially represented by Zhang Zhongjing,who played a role in carrying on the past and initiating the future.Because he not only inherited the experience summed up by his predecessors,but also developed it in practice.Although the Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases only recorded the use of 24 mineral medicines,its theory and method were fully equipped,which enriched the theoretical understanding and clinical application of mineral medicine and left valuable experience to future generations. |
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