Spatial Pattern And Tourism Response Of Intangible Cultural Heritage In Ethnic Minority Areas Of China

China’s ethnic minority areas are mainly located in the western,northern and southwestern regions of the border,bordering many countries.Many ethnic groups are cross-border ethnic groups with close cultural exchanges and far-reaching influence.In the context of global landscape of great changes unseen in a century and the domestic background of high-quality development in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the protection and research of China’s fine traditional culture,in particular the intangible cultural heritage,as an essential part of traditional culture,should be carried out.It is of great significance to the construction of national cultural security,the maintenance of national unity and social stability,the establishment of national cultural confidence,the satisfaction of people’s growing needs for a better life and the realization of "great-leap" development in the minority areas.At present,there is no research on intangible cultural heritage in minority areas.Based on this,the thesis studied the national and provincial intangible cultural heritage in the minority areas through using the methods of NNI,Ripley’s K function,KDE,ESDA,geographical detector and so on.Analyzing the space distribution features and the main geographical features of intangible cultural heritage,the thesis summary the law of generation and development of intangible cultural heritage from the space distribution with geographical environment.The national distribution of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities are creatively produced.Further,the thesis discussed the relationship between space distribution features and tourism development.The thesis puts forward measures and suggestions for sustainable development path of intangible cultural heritage tourism activation.The main conclusions are as follows:China’s ethnic minority areas are rich in intangible cultural heritage,with obvious spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration characteristics,with significant regional characteristics and ethnic characteristics.Specific performance is as follows:(1)Xinjiang,Tibet and Qinghai have high culture identity.Guizhou and Guangxi have high consistency.Guizhou province has the largest number of intangible cultural heritage.A spatial distribution pattern of "one core,three areas and multiple points" has been formed,with Guizhou as the core,Lhasa,Xining and Chengdu as high-density areas,and Urumqi,Hohhot,Dali and other as the key areas.(2)The type of spatial distribution is cluster and given priority to with H-H and L-L that obvious positive correlation.The agglomeration of intangible cultural heritage is the phenomena of geography and to the highest degree at 3 ～ 5 km spatial scales.The cluster center of national project is located in the Lhasa and provincial in southern Guizhou,Yunnan and Guangxi.(3)In terms of types,traditional skills and folk customs are abundant,while traditional medicine and folk art are scarce.The clustering regions of each type are different,with prominent regional characteristics.That is,the same type of projects have different characteristics in different places,with distinct ethnic characteristics such as nomadic culture and mountain culture.(4)There are many intangible cultural heritage of Tibetan,Mongolian,Miao.The distribution is characterized by "large mixed settlements and small settlements".The intangible cultural heritage of Tibetan,Uygur and Mongolian ethnic group has more quantity,wide spread and concentrated in the western and northern.The intangible cultural heritage of Hmong-Mien languages and Tai-Kadai language ethnic has small dispersed partition scope,large number,multi-ethnic common sharing.The intangible cultural heritages of the Russian,Oroqen,Daur,Korean and Manchu ethnic groups are mainly distributed in the northeast,with a generally small amount.From the relationship between spatial distribution and geographical environment of intangible cultural heritage in minority areas,it is found that the generation,development and retention of intangible cultural heritage have certain regularity.The emergence,formation and development of intangible cultural heritage is a long and complex process,integrated joint action by multiple factors.Natural factors and human factors jointly construct the cultural ecology on which intangible cultural heritage depends for survival and development.Natural factors mainly act on the generation and formation of intangible cultural heritage.Through livable natural environment,population agglomeration is generated.And in the process of adapting to the local environment,a production and life style with distinctive regional characteristics gradually formed,thus affecting the local culture.Human factors are mainly involved in the development and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.As the product of human production and life creation,many internal factors coexist,influence and interact with each other.Specifically,in ethnic minority areas,it reflects the human adaptability under the extreme natural environment.The intangible cultural heritage is limited by the landform,but the rivers and mountains that seriously hinder the communication and interaction are still the main dividing line of the distribution division of intangible cultural heritage.And the same division has a high degree of cultural identity.There is a high correlation between the river and the intangible cultural heritage,and it is highly concentrated along the river.Intangible cultural heritage is highly coupled with ethnic distribution,historical,cultural and economic development and traffic roads.Areas with dense intangible cultural heritage generally have the characteristics of multi-ethnic mixing,rich material cultural heritage,good economic development and high traffic accessibility.Through a separate analysis of the response between the tourism factor among the humanistic factors and the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage,it can be found that: The linear relationship between intangible cultural heritage and tourism elements in ethnic minority areas is not significant.It is more manifested in multi-factor nonlinear coupling relationships,which are highly correlated with the abundance of tourism resources and domestic tourism income.However,the activation of intangible heritage tourism is still in its early stages at present and has not formed a large tourism influence.There is still a large space for development in the aspect of transforming into tourism products.It needs to be deeply integrated with culture and tourism.Combined with the relatively basic situation in ethnic minority areas and the characteristics of intangible cultural,the thesis puts forward some suggestions on the practical path of tourism activation in the future.For the tourism resource,we should promote the sustainable development of the comprehensive system of "intangible cultural heritage-place-people" with making full use of the beautiful natural scenery and the resource advantages of traditional villages,taking ethnicity as the highlight of tourism activities,finding the balance between authenticity and commercialization and paying attention to the creative transformation and innovative development.For the tourist,we should meet the growing demand for cultural tourism and pay attention to the spiritual experience.For the tourism media,we should improve traffic conditions a,expand communication channels and strive to carry forward the cultural connotation.