Study On The San Ban Yuan Officers In The Early Northern

After the middle Tang Dynasty,the bureaucratic system of the three provinces,six ministries and twenty-four bureaus gradually became the ranks of civilian official,and the functions of these institutions were mostly replaced by other institutions or envoys.Through the changes of late Tang dynasty and Five dynasties,the Xuan Hui Yuan was responsible for the selection and appointment of grass-roots military officials in the ear ly Song Dynasty.Later,with the large increase of San Ban envoys,the San Ban Yuan was set up to replace the Xuan Hui Yuan to take control of the assessment and note of grass-roots military officials.In the early northern Song Dynasty,San Ban Yuan officers were roughly equivalent to Bing Bu officers of the Tang Dynasty,and the supreme ruler attached great importance to their selection and appointment.San Ban Yuan was relatively independent,and its officers were removed by the emperor’s special decree and were directly responsible to the emperor,which directly reflected the strengthening of imper ial power in the Northern Song Dynasty.Most of the San Ban Yuan officers were former local officials who had passed the imperial exam inat ion,but their rank was relatively low,which reflected the characteristics of the rulers in the early Northern Song Dynasty.The officials are mainly responsible for the management of the books of San Ban Yuan,San Ban envoys,the envoys of the examinat ion,the revision of the rules and regulations of San Ban Yuan,and the management of the officers and other affairs.Under the background that the average tenure of the president of San Ban Yuan is short,the number of petty officials is few,and the number of envoys is increasing,San Ban Yuan courtyard can maintain the sound operation,which is mainly m aint ained by the system.In the process of managing envoys,institut ional factors are accumulated,so the minister’s management of envoys is the interaction between "people" and "people" on the one hand,and the interaction between "people" and the system on the other hand.When San Ban Yuan officers appointed San Ban envoys who paid attention to the important posts,Shu Mi Yuan,Shen Guan Yuan and Liu Nei Quan joint ly discussed,and the envoys were subject to the supervision of the supervisory department and the evaluat ion of the envoys’ performance by the local government,which could reduce the errors of the ministers in administrative decision-making and ensure the smooth operation of the mechanism.After leaving office,most of the San Ban Yuan officers enter the center of power,transfer to other central organs or serve as local governors.The direction of their departure reflects the position of San Ban Yuan officers in the bureaucratic group.lt is helpful to deepen the understanding of the central administrative system and its operating mechanism in the early Period of the Northern Song Dynasty to study the operation of the system under the system of dispatching and delegating official posts.