Research On The Mural Painting Of Pure Land At Buddhism Ruins In Turpan

In the narrow sense,pure land refers to the pure land that all Buddhas achieve with their original will power,so as to meet and induce sentient beings who wish to live forever.Pure land in broad sense refers to a good society,beautiful world.The research object of this paper is three kinds of pure land murals in The Buddhist sites of Turpan: the Pure Land of Maitreya,Pure Land of Amitabha and Pure Land of Bhaisajyaguru,mainly the murals paintings,as well as some statues and silk paintings.These three pure land beliefs are the most popular in the history of Buddhism in China.From the perspective of space concept,they contain three Spaces: west,East and upper.They are chosen because of their comparative significance in describing the pure land.This topic mainly uses the theories of iconography,fine arts and religious studies to carefully identify and interpret the fresco images,discuss the spread of pure land belief in Turpan area,and analyze and summarize the artistic style of the pure land fresco in this area.The main body of this paper is composed of five parts.The first chapter reviews the development of Buddhism in Turpan,the remains of Buddhist murals and the definition and classification of pure land.Chapter two examines and interprets the murals of The Pure Land of Maitreya in Turpan,mainly discussing the remains of silk paintings unearthed on the stone pagoda of Northern Liang dynasty,the Chotscho Uygur Buddhist Temple in Beiting,Cave No.29 in Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves and Toyuk Thousand Buddha Caves.This chapter focuses on the analysis of the large number of statues of Maitreya and murals of the Pure Land of Maitreya left in the West Great Temple of Beiting.The third chapter focuses on the Pure Land of Amitabha in Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves,identifying and analyzing the pure land vision map in Toyuk Thousand Buddha Caves and the western pure land murals in the Besh-ghar Caves and the Great Peach Valley Grottoes respectively.A large number of western pure land changes with mature painting style were painted in Chotscho Uygur period.The fourth chapter mainly identifies and discusses whether the murals in Cave No.18 of Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves and Cave No.3 of the Besh-ghar Caves are the change of pure land of Bhaisajyaguru.There are few images of pure land of Bhaisajyaguru in Turpan area,and there are some controversies.The fifth chapter discusses the artistic style of turpan pure land murals.Influenced by the Buddhist art of Northern Liang dynasty,Dunhuang,Qiuci,Central Plains and Mongolia,the pure land murals have formed the Han style,Uygur style and Tibetan Buddhism style.The conclusion summarizes the development characteristics of pure land belief reflected in the murals of pure land in Turpan: The Belief of Maitreya pure Land in Turpan is very prosperous,but does not decline like the central Plains;The Belief of pure Land in the West gradually flourished during the Uygur Reign of Chotscho,influenced by Chinese Buddhism in the Central Plains.The dissemination of Bhaisajyaguru belief is not as extensive and deep as Maitreya and Amitabha belief.Generally speaking,from the content of pure Land murals,Han Buddhism has always been the dominant Buddhism in Turpan.