Relationship Between Relative Deprivation And Social Avoidance Or Distress Of Rural Left-Behind Junior Middle School Students:A Moderated Mediation Model

Left-behind Left-behind children in rural areas are a special group with the process of urbanization in China.Because one or both parents can’t be with them for a long time,their emotional needs can’t be met for a long time.Compared with the dominant groups around them and on the Internet,they are prone to form a subjective sense of imbalance,which may lead to a sense of relative deprivation,which may be an important influencing factor for social avoidance and distress of left-behind junior middle school students in rural areas.According to the theory of relative deprivation and the social gauge of self-esteem,relative deprivation can indirectly affect social avoidance and distress through self-esteem;Psychological resilience,as an important psychological trait to resist pressure,can balance the sense of relative deprivation and alleviate its negative influence on social avoidance and distress.Based on the above considerations,this study randomly selected two rural middle schools in a county in Chongqing to conduct a questionnaire survey,and distributed1458 questionnaires.After eliminating missing values and invalid questionnaires,1383 valid questionnaires were obtained,including 1179 left-behind junior high school students and 204 non-left-behind junior high school students.Using the Relative Deprivation Scale,Self-esteem Scale,psychological resilience Scale,Social Avoidance and Distress Scale to investigate,using SPSS26.0 to input and sort out data,and using the SPSS macro program PROCESS designed by Hayes(2013)to sort out and analyze,the following research results are obtained:(1)There are significant differences in the relative deprivation of rural left-behind junior high school students in grades,and there are significant differences in the relative deprivation and cognitive dimensions.There are significant differences in the selfesteem level of rural left-behind junior high school students in gender and grade;There are significant differences in some dimensions of psychological resilience of rural leftbehind junior high school students in gender,grade and divorce;Social avoidance and distress of left-behind junior middle school students in rural areas show significant differences in gender and whether they are only children;(2)Relative deprivation,self-esteem,psychological resilience,social avoidance and distress of rural left-behind junior middle school students are related to each other;(3)Self-esteem partially mediates the relative deprivation and social avoidance and distress of left-behind junior middle school students in rural areas;(4)psychological resilience can adjust the direct path of relative deprivation to social avoidance and distress,and adjust the second half of the mediating role of selfesteem between relative deprivation and social avoidance and distress.Conclusion: Relative deprivation can not only directly predict the level of social avoidance and distress of left-behind junior middle school students in rural areas,but also predict social avoidance and distress through the mediation of self-esteem,and their direct prediction and mediation are regulated by psychological resilience.