Research On Loneliness Among The Elderly In Japa

Based on the study of the wooden-like structures in the tombs of the Tang and Song dynasties in Sichuan Basin,this paper examines the historical changes of the wooden-like structures in the tombs.The article mainly carries on the comprehensive and systematic analysis from several aspects such as the general situation of the tomb,the column and the column foundation,the horizontal fang structure,dougong,the door window,the algae well.The first chapter introduces the structure,age,geographical distribution and the identity of the owner of the tomb from three aspects:the brick chamber tomb,the stone chamber tomb and the cliff tomb.In the second chapter,the distribution of columns,the shape of column body,decoration and the shape of column foundation are analyzed.The third chapter mainly analyzes the arrangement and configuration of horizontal fang,the lapping relation between horizontal Fang and column.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the shape of dougong,the shape of Dougong and the combination of Dougong.The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the door shape,decoration,window shape,decoration,the structure,shape and decoration of the algae well.Finally,the evolution of form is roughly divided into three phases,and its characteristics are summarized.The first period was the Tang and Five Dynasties,during which the number of wood-like tombs was relatively small.The shapes of columns,architraves,dougongs,doors and windows are relatively simple.The second period was from the Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty,and the number of wood-like tombs increased.The shape of the column is diverse,and the column base and decoration begin to appear on the column surface.On the structure of the cross architrave,the cross architrave has two shapes:rectangular and arched.Most of the cross architrave have no decorative patterns,and a few have floral patterns;There are five kinds of position relations between the transverse brace and the column:the transverse brace is placed on the column head,the transverse brace is inserted between the columns,and the two ends are protruding,the transverse brace is inserted between the columns,and the two ends are not protruding,and the column bears the brace,and the loose bucket is placed on the brace,and the loose bucket bears the transverse brace again.The body of the dougong is basically rectangular,the lower part of the body is mostly concave,and the oblique line is very few.The shape of the dougong is more curved,and the combined form of the dougong is more single.Most of the doors and windows are six-lattice double-leaf carved doors and horizontal mullion windows,and the caisson structure begins to appear.The third period was from the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty to the late of the Southern Song Dynasty,and the number of wood-like tombs increased significantly.The shape of the column body is diverse,the number of the column bases is increased,and the number of the column decoration is increased.There are seven kinds of overlapping relationships between architraves and columns:transverse architraves are inserted between columns,transverse architraves are carried on the column head,transverse architraves are carried on the column head and on the column head,transverse architraves are inserted between columns,transverse architraves are carved under the transverse architraves,transverse architraves are placed on the column,transverse architraves are carried on the column,and transverse architraves are placed on the column,and the architraves are carried on the column head,upper and lower architraves are carried on the column head,and dougong and dougong are carried on the architraves.The form of the dougong appears as straight dougong,the combination of the dougong appears as dougong jump,and the number of cases of the hump dougong,one dougong and three rises increases.The doors and windows have double lattice doors,double panel doors,vertical lattice windows,and three lattice windows.In the decoration of caisson,there are three kinds of caisson with various shapes,and there are decorative patterns in the caisson.With the development of time,there are more and more types of wood-like structures in tombs in Sichuan Basin,and the combination is becoming more and more complex.The culture of a period will be reflected in all aspects of society.The decorative tomb with wood-like structure reflects the development of social economy and the growth of the literati class from the side,which is also of great value to the study of social architecture and culture at that time.