A Comparative Study Of Address Terms In Three Editions Of The Guide To Kuan Hua

The Guide to Kuan Hua has been popular for half a century and has many derivative versions.This conversational textbook records the language situation in the late Qing dynasty,and is a valuable material for understanding the early appellation and its teaching.This paper examines three versions of the textbook,Beijing mandarin,Southern mandarin and Cantonese,among which Beijing Mandarin is the master version.It is found that the appellation in the master edition of the textbook takes the male as the referent subject and has obvious modesty and honorific colors.Among them,there are few kinds of kinship appellation,showing the Japanese characteristics of attaching more importance to blood relatives than in-laws,and attaching more importance to paternity than maternal.The social appellations are rich in variety and frequently used,and mainly from the perspective of civilians,showing the social situation of the late Qing Dynasty with distinct classes,emphasis on favors,the rise of commerce and frequent population exchanges.The three versions of appellations show the characteristics of "similar with minor differences",which proves that the formation of contemporary common language has a profound linguistic foundation.The appellation "similar" is manifested in the basic consistency of the expression and use frequency of important appellations,the trend of uniform replacement of social appellations,and the master edition collection restrictions,terms from the same source,political system and language policy contributed to this convergence.The differences of appellation are as follows: only part of the identity and professional appellation of the Southern Mandarin edition is different from that of the master edition;The Cantonese version has a lot of colloquial slang,with many old words as well as new ones,and more affixes such as "-ke,-zi and-lao".In addition,through case analysis,it is found that there is a two-way interaction between north and south,and the dominant regional dialects tend to spread to the common language,while the members with clear construction,clear meaning and foundation in the recipient language are more likely to gain advantages.Finally,according to the characteristics of symmetrical predicate arrangement and processing in the textbook,the article gets corresponding enlightenment: the textbook title predicate collection should take into account the systematization and balance,select typical and commonly used appellations,and uphold the principle of literary and popular reception and advancing with The Times.In the presentation,we should reproduce the important appellations consciously,and provide context and concentrated presentation at the same time,so as to help learners understand the appellation semantics and establish the concept of Chinese appellation system.