| The Eight Immortals has been widely active in China’s folk culture.As a group of immortals with distinctive characteristics,the Eight Immortals group has also become a favored creative object in ancient supernatural literature.After a long period of evolution and dissemination,the cultural works related to the Eight Immortals have obvious regional characteristics,and combined with religious elements,they have formed a series of unique cultural expressions represented by "Taoist drama".However,when the Eight Immortals culture appeared in the background of ethnic cultural exchanges,this distinctive local Taoist element took literary translation as the medium and became an important carrier of cultural exchanges between ethnic groups.In this paper,questions and answers of the Eight Immortals in Mongolian characters and questions and answers of the Eight Immortals in Chinese characters are given priority,and the background culture of the Eight Immortals,the characters and illustrations of the Eight Immortals are elaborated in detail,and a series of typical features reflected in this document are summarized.The first chapter is an overview of the background culture of The Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers.This chapter focuses on the contents related to the Eight Immortals’ culture,including the etymological meaning of the Eight Immortals,the evolution and increase and decrease of the members of the Eight Immortals’ class,and novels,dramas and rap literature related to the Eight Immortals’ group.At first,this paper uses the materials such as Shuo Wen Jie Zi,Shi Ming and so on to investigate the word "Ba" and "Xian" respectively,and sort out the specific meanings of the word "Eight Immortals" in different historical periods.The word "Eight Immortals" has referred to "Eight Immortals in Huainan","Eight Immortals in Wine" and "Eight Immortals in Sichuan" respectively,and developed to the later stage.Secondly,when the Eight Immortals refer to the eight immortals represented by Lv Dongbin and others,the Xianban lineup has been slightly different.Except Lv Dongbin,Han Zhongli and Zhang Guolao,He Xiangu,Lan Caihe and Han Xiangzi have had other substitutions in different literary works,and this group of Xianban members who are consistent with the lineup in The Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers has gone through a long period of development before being gradually settled down in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Finally,in the summary of the Eight Immortals culture,this chapter also combs the dramas,novels and some contents subordinate to rap literature related to the members of the Eight Immortals.Among these literary works,there are group portraits of eight immortals,such as Journey to the East and Eight Immortals,and works with a single theme,such as Lv Dongbin Sanzui Yueyang Tower and Han Xiangzi Sanqu Peony Pavilion.Although this article is far from exhaustively listing all the literary works related to the Eight Immortals,the author can still feel the important position of the Eight Immortals in traditional culture,especially in folk culture,through limited data collection and consultation.The second chapter is "An Overview of Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers".Because the objects of this paper are Mongolian Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers and Chinese Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers,they are highly consistent in other aspects except the differences in language and characters,so the article will discuss them as a whole.When they are mentioned in many places at the same time,in order to avoid redundancy,all the Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers are referred to throughout.In addition,besides the text content,The Eight Immortals Question and Answer Complete also has a set of illustrations with the same length as the text content,so this paper divides The Eight Immortals Question and Answer Complete into two parts according to the "text overview" and "illustration overview",and the second chapter is the specific discussion of the text overview.In this chapter,firstly,the basic information of The Eight Immortals’ Questionnaires is introduced;secondly,the Mongolian Eight Immortals’ Questionnaires and the Chinese Eight Immortals’ Questionnaires are translated into Latin and translated into modern Chinese respectively;finally,in the third section,the text content of each page is explained in detail by combining the Eight Immortals’ magic weapon and the meaning of persuading the world,and at the same time,the forms of questioning reflected in the text are discussed.The third chapter is "Illustration Overview of the Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers",which corresponds to the "Text Overview" in the previous chapter.In this part,firstly,based on the monographs such as A Brief History of Ancient Woodcarving in China and A History of Ancient Illustrations in China,the development history and stage characteristics of ancient illustrations are sorted out,and the era of illustrations in The Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers is defined according to the layout and theme characteristics of illustrations in different periods.Secondly,this paper discusses the illustration characteristics of The Eight Immortals’ Questions and Answers from two aspects: content and form,and further discusses the important role of the illustration in assisting in judging the age of the text and providing interpretation function for the text.In the conclusion,this paper further emphasizes the profound historical background of the Eight Immortals culture from the perspectives of the changes of the members of the Eight Immortals and the images of the Eight Immortals in literary works,and makes a concrete summary of the detailed chapters in the second chapter "The Complete Questions and Answers of the Eight Immortals" and the third chapter "The Complete Questions and Answers of the Eight Immortals".Finally,at the end of the paper,it reiterates the important role played by the Complete Questions and Answers of the Eight Immortals in the cultural exchange between Mongolian and Han ethnic groups. |
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