Marx’s Critique And Transcendence Of Hegel’s Dialectics Of Labor

Marx’s dialectics of labor is an important subject in the study of the basic theory of Marxist philosophy.It is not only an important part of Marx’s dialectics theory,but also the theoretical basis and logical premise of Marx’s construction of historical materialism,criticism of political economy and exposition of communist theory.Hegel’s labor dialectics is the direct theoretical source of Marx’s labor dialectics.Clarifying the relationship between Marx and Hegel’s labor dialectics is of great significance for a comprehensive and correct understanding of Marx’s labor dialectics.Marx pointed out in his Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 that the only labor Hegel knew and recognized was an abstract spiritual labor.This evaluation is an important basis for us to understand the relationship between Marx and Hegel’s labor dialectics.Judging from the problem orientation of Marx’s writing of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,he still took the anatomy of civil society as the problem orientation of his research.Therefore,through the in-depth analysis of the thought of labor dialectics in the Civil Society chapter of Hegel’s Principles of Philosophy of Right,we can accurately understand Marx’s evaluation of Hegel’s labor dialectics in the Manuscripts of Economics and Philosophy of 1844,so as to correctly understand Marx’s criticism of Hegel’s labor dialectics.Truly from the perspective of the development of labor itself to realize Marx’s transcendence of Hegel’s dialectics of labor.The thought of labor dialectics in Principles of Philosophy of Right is Hegel’s most comprehensive and mature exposition on the subject of labor.Hegel saw the positive influence of labor as a process of self-generation of human beings,and also saw the negative influence caused by the poverty of workers as the "distress" of civil society,but he realized the sublation of the negative influence of labor with the intervention of trade associations.Dialectic logic is a kind of self-negating logic in essence.As an external order,trade guild’s intervention in the process of dialectical development of labor directly leads to the logical rupture of labor dialectics.From the perspective of the problem orientation of dissecting civil society,Hegel only regarded labor as the intermediary between subjectivity and objectivity,and did not see labor in civil society.He only saw that untouchables were the negative aspect of the state,but did not see that the poverty of laborers was the negative aspect of labor in civil society.The intervention of trade association only eliminated the possibility of producing untouchables in the country,but did not solve the problem of poverty of workers in the civil society.From the perspective of the development of labor itself,Hegel did not have the thought of dialectics of labor in a strict sense.He believed that labor,as an intermediary between subjectivity and objectivity,was essentially a spiritual uplifting activity.Dalits lost their ethical emotions,and it was essentially a negative link in the process of absolute spiritual development.Its intervention in the process of dialectical development of labor only confirms the realization of absolute spirit in essence.Therefore,Hegel’s dialectics of labor is only spiritual dialectics in essence.The only thing he knows is abstract spiritual labor,and he only makes abstract,logical and speculative exposition of the history of labor,without really reflecting the dialectical development process of labor in civil society.Marx understood labor as the free and conscious activity of human beings,and labor was endowed with the free nature of human beings,which made labor in civil society have the characteristics of human life,class and society,and thus found a realistic and historical foundation for the study of the dialectical development process of labor,surpassing Hegel’s dialectics of labor.Marx endowed labor with the nature of human freedom,which means that labor has the inner power to pursue freedom,which not only opens up a way for realizing labor liberation,but also provides a realistic path for realizing human liberation and social liberation.Labor is man’s object activity,not only man’s life activity,but also man’s class activity and social activity.The alienation of labor means the alienation of human life activity,class activity and social activity.Communism not only sublates the alienation of labor and realizes the liberation of labor,but also sublates the alienation of human life activities,class activities and social activities,which is the real return of human nature.