Study On Adverbs As Complements In Modern Chinese

Adverbs are a kind of words with rich grammatical character.It is generally believed that adverbs can only be adverbial.With the development of linguistics,the nominality of adverbs has been questioned and the feature of "versatility" has been put forward.A total of 1216 adverbs are included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition),and different adverbs have different grammatical features.At present,it is found that adverbs can not only serve as adverbial,but also serve as object,complement,predicate and attribute.There are 98 adverbs can serve as complement,accounting for 8.1% of the adverbs.The characteristics of adverbs are analyzed,and their classification is discussed.According to the adverbs included in the dictionary,they are divided into seven categories such as degree,modality,range,frequency,time,negation and mood according to the method of semantic and grammatical combination.According to the comparison between the syntactic function of adverbs in the dictionary and that of adverbs in corpus,the influencing factors of adverbs as complements are discussed.The factors affecting the exchange of adverbial and complement are investigated through the interchange of adverbial and complement.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Adverbs have "versatility".In the Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition),only "Duan" and "Shu" can be used as a complement.By examining the syntactic functions of1216 adverbs in the corpus of Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th Edition),it is found that 132 of them can be used as attributives,84 as sentences alone,73 as predicates,17 as objects,and98 as complements.Adverbs that can be used as complements in sentences include adverbs of degree,modality,range,frequency,time and mood.The proportion of adverbs as complement in actual use is much larger than that in the dictionary example sentences.It can be seen that "phenomenality" cannot be used as the criterion for dividing adverbs.2.Adverbs as complements are subject to certain limitations.By investigating the limitation of complement and adverb,it is found that adverbs of degree,modality,range,modality,frequency and mood can be used as complement,but negative adverbs can not be used as complement.Adverbs of degree can serve as degree complements;adverbs of modality,range,frequency and mood can serve as modal complements;adverbs of time can serve as time complements.The frequency of adverb use and the development of language are the main factors affecting the adverb as complement.3.Adverbs as complement and adverbial can be interchangeable in some cases,assuming different pragmatic functions.There is a close relationship between adverbial and complement adverbial.When complement and adverbial are exchanged,there are two situations.The second is that the semantics change during interchangeability.In interchangeability,different tokens can be used and the syntactic structure can be changed.When adverbs do complement and adverbial interchange,according to whether to add marks,can be divided into three cases,one is the exchange of complement and adverbial do not add marks;Second,the complement needs to be marked when exchanging;Third,adverbial interchangeability needs to be marked.When adverbs act as complement and adverbial,they bear different pragmatic functions and have different pragmatic values.The exchange of them is the result of the joint action of the economic principle of language and the need of focus expression.