Multiphoton Interference And Quantum Ratchet Effect

Optics is an important branch of physics, and it has huge practical value and dra-matically promoted the development of physics. Nowadays optics contains both wave optics which is based on classic electromagnetic theory and quantum optics which is based on quantum theory. Photon interference is an important subject in quantum op-tics. Mandel believed that photon interference is the physical manifestation of the in-trinsic indistinguishability of the sources or of the photon paths. Many techniques de-rive from photon interference. In this dissertation, we will give our analysis on photon interference.Ratchet effect is an intriguing phenomenon where a directed transportation emerges in a system without a net biased force. If ratchet effect is achieved in micro-scope, in other words, corresponding devices can be manufactured, engineering technology will be changed significantly. Nowadays, much achievement has been produced in this do-main. But it is still not enough for practicality. Although the prospect is bright, much work should be carried out before ratchet effect can dramatically influence life and work of human. In this dissertation, we will introduce our works on ratchet effect. Thus this dissertation contains following parts:1, Time-domain-single-mode-approximation-method (TDSMAM) to multi-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.We analyze multiphoton Hong-Ou-Mandel interference where parametric light field from spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) is used as the source of photons. In some condition, photons can be considered as single mode in frequency while existing as wave packets in time domain. Because there exists overlap of wave functions of the two wave packets, the interference effect can be divided into two parts with a full quantum treatment:one from the indistinguishable case and the other from the distinguishable case. These two parts are mixed with certain probability distribu-tion. Our method is simple and meaningful.2, Analysis of quantum beating in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.Beating phenomenon can be observed in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference when some adjustment is done in setup of original Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. As compared with original result, better time resolution can be gotten when result of beating emerges. We also adopt TDSMAM to analyze beating in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, and give some precise conclusions.3, Double-delta-kicked model for quantum ratchet effect.Based on works of other peoples, we construct a double-delta-kicked model for quantum ratchet effect. We will give detail information on our model, and compare our model with other peoples'. Our model can be considered as a candidate scheme for the realization of quantum ratchet effect.4, Analysis of Shannon entropy in delta-kicked model.We investigate the evolution of Shannon entropy of ratchet particle in delta-kicked model, and find the relationship between the evolution of Shannon entropy of ratchet particle and quantum resonance. We will give interpretation of the results in viewpoint of energy.5, Parrondo game based on delta-kicked model.There exists current reversal phenomenon in ratchet effect. We relate the current reversal phenomenon in delta-kicked model with Parrondo game in game theory, and construct a Parrondo game and an anti-Parrondo game based on delta-kicked model. We compare our results with other peoples'and point out some unique feature of our work.