The Study On Eco-Nature View Of Marxism

Human, since its birth, has been interrelated with nature through taking essential materials from the nature for its life and improving its survival environment. As a result, the interrelationship between human and nature has constantly been haunting the human being, and continually on the mind of the philosophers, thinkers and scientists. With the contemporary scientific and technological development and productivity growth, human is, on the one hand, indulged in the hi-tech development, the well-being out of the rapid economic development and their controlling over nature; and, on the other hand, is encountered with the increasing environmental problems and ecological crisis, which, in turn, threatens human survival and development. The ecological environment and human survival crisis in the form of resources, environment and population is virtually the crisis between human and nature, between human and his outside world. With more reflections on the human practice and more concerns about the disadvantages to his survival, more importance has been attached to the ecological matters which are both the eye-catching problems globally and realistic problems in the Chinese modernization. They have become the main study task in the field of technology, economy, law and sociology. Basically, the issue of ecology is within the domain of philosophy and ethics, a theoretical study task facing the Marxist philosophical view of nature. With historical constraints, Marx and Engels, though they did not form the intuitive ecological theory, were beginning to be sensitive to the disharmony between humans, between human and nature caused by the capitalism. In the process of criticizing capitalism and predicting the prospective society, Marxist view of nature presented a theoretical picture of social development in terms of ecology. Such a view of nature is premonitory, and the dialectical unification relations especially the interrelationship between human and nature reflected in the view proves to be of important theoretical and practical value, giving great inspiration to the solutions of ecological environment crisis and the rational construction of ecological civilization. This dissertation aims to make a deep study on eco-nature view of Marxism, with the interrelationship between human and nature especially ecological environment as the main thread, with the cooperation and harmony between human and ecological environment being the value orientation, on the principle of combination between history and logic, between theory and practice, from the perspective of ecology, and with the combination of ecology, philosophy, economics, environmentology and sociology. There are five parts apart from the introduction.Part one probes into four types of views on nature prior to the existence of Marxism, namely myth nature view in the remote ancient times, organism as whole nature view in the ancient times, mythology nature view in the Middle Ages and machine nature view in the modern times. They are the premise of studying eco-nature view of Marxism.Part two, acted as the core of the dissertation, gives a theoretical and systematic account of eco-nature view of Marxism, thus forming a framework of eco-nature view of Marxism. It first illustrates the nature conception of Marxism compared with that of others'and analyses their different features, which lays a theoretical foundation of eco-nature view of Marxism. Then it states how the eco-nature view of Marxism formed, developed, and transformed philosophically, and gives a further statement of the main content and features of eco-nature view of Marxism. Finally an observation is made on eco-nature view of Marxism from the perspective of dialectical materialism, epistemology, and axiology.Part three deals with the analysis of early western Marxism, Frankfurt school and the structure of ecological Marxism, the deep understanding of the historical fate and the role eco-nature view of Marxism plays in the modern west, and the comparison of the compatibility and incompatibility between the eco-nature view of Marxism and western ecological Marxist view of nature, as well as the further statement of how eco-nature view of Marxism corrects and transcends western human-centred doctrine and ecology-centred doctrine. Part four reviews the development path and the theoretical achievement of eco-nature view of Marxism in China from the perspective of the combination of eco-nature view of Marxism and its practice in China. It mainly includes Mao Ze Dong's preliminary carrying on, Deng Xiao Ping's active exploring, and Jiang Ze Min's contribution to the eco-nature view of Marxism. It also proclaims that scientific development view is the innovation and progress of eco-nature view of Marxism.Part five first sets about the statement from the angle of human civilization evolution, environmental derivation and the reflection on the ecological crisis in modern society. Then it points out the necessity of the shift to human civilized ecology and the significance of choosing the ecological civilization path. Following that it expounds the urgency and necessity of China's ecological civilization construction through analysing China's ecological circumstances and the present situation and characteristic of ecological civilization construction in China. Finally, it explores and ends with a prospect on the theoretical train of thinking, framework of its content, and the concrete path of China's ecological civilization construction.