Study On The Shaped Basalt Fiber Composite Material And Its Degradation Mechanism

The physical and chemical characteristics of basalt fiber are experimentally studied. The technology, agents, microstructure, macro-physical properties as well as the relationships of these factors in preparing basalt and plant fiber composite materials are investigated. According to the GB standards, qualities of the materials products when they are used as packing containers are tested. The results show that the new composite materials applied in the fields of packing containers etc can save great amount of plant fibers and therefore will bring about significant ecological environmental protection effects.Analyses on the microstructure of basalt fiber by using wide-Angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) verify that basalt fiber is mainly composed of non-crystalline phase and in order at the fiber direction. The construction units of basalt fibers are mainly tetrahedron [ MO4] ( M= Si4+. Al3+) and octahedron the ( M= Al3+, Mg2+, Fe3+). The connecting of the neighbor's tetrahedron with vertex in chain forms the framework. Tetrahedron and octahedron are connected in edges, and between octahedrons the connecting is formed by vertex also. The metal ions Ca2+, K+, Na+ etc. are at the gaps between the tetrahedrons and octahedrons for maintaining the equilibrium of the valence and for the stable structure. The hydroxyl vibrations on the basalt fibers are determined by DRIFT. The solubility of the basalt fiber in the organic and inorganic acid and in simulating human body fluid is also tested.Zeta potential of the composite pulp and the wetting angle of the material sample wetted by oil and water are measured. The factors influencing material properties such as pulping degree, the contents of basalt fibers and agents etc are experimentally studied and theoretically explained. Based on orthogonal- experiment, the optimum contents of basalt fiber and agent are given. The cheapest prescription of fast-food box, the optimum prescription for the biodegradability of the fast-food box and the choice prescriptions of fast-food box with less dissolved matter, formulations of planting containers and of fruit coat paper are also provided.The physical structure of the composite material is assumed forming a kind of topological random structure and dry material forms the "double pore" system. Then the model of random meshwork is adopted to describe approximately the material's physical structure. The studies on functionary interfacial mechanism of this material show that the interfacial binding forces among the plant fibers and the basalt fibers are the hydrogen bonds among the molecules of fibers, the hydrogen bonds among the molecules of agents and fibers, and the meshwork binding forces of agent's macromolecules among fibers.Thermal and oxidative degradation test and biodegradation test of shaped basalt fiber composite material are carried out by weight loss method and by degradation degree method. The degradation mechanism of the shaped basalt fiber composite material is putted forward.The new points of the research: 1. According to the WAXS, the microstructure of basalt fiber is studied. 2. The hydroxyl vibrations on the basalt fibers are determined by DRIFT. 3. The optimum contents of basalt fiber and agents are found for the fast-food box, planting-cup and fruit coat paper. 4. The physical structure, the functionary interfacial mechanism of the shaped basalt fiber composite material and the relationship between the microstructure and macro-physical properties are formulated. 5. The factors affecting the biodegradation of shaped basalt fiber composite material are experimentally studied and theoretically explained and the degradation process and mechanism of the composite material is putted forward.