Studies On China's Natural Disaster Manamgent System And Disaster Information Sharing Model

Disaster management is one of the most important functions of modern governments. After several years'development, China has gradually formed the fundamental ideas and mechanism of disaster management and witnessed obvious achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation. However, certain problems still exist. In the former studies, most researchers focused on so-called soft problems such as decentralization of disaster management departments, faultiness of law administration system. Although they dealt with difficulties in information sharing, they mainly anchored their hopes in solving the problems by institutional reform. In fact, the construction of disaster management not only includes the reform in soft environment such as administrative mechanism, but also includes improvement of hard environment such as communications, disaster pre-warning and emergency response system; Moreover, these two aspects are complementary and interdependent. The main contents of this paper are:I. Introduction of the measures and suggestions for natural disaster management system reform. This paper analyses the serious situation of natural disasters in China, and on the basis of the studies on the management mode of some developed countries, indicates the existing problems in domestic disaster management system, such as decentralization of functions, insufficiency of law system and difficulties in information sharing. To cope with these problems, this paper proposes reform in disaster management system in three aspects, adjustment of disaster management departments, building of disaster management law system and strengthening of management of the disaster relief process. Besides, this paper also puts forward suggestions in the construction of technology support system for disaster management in three aspects which are communications infrastructure, disaster pre-warning system and emergency response system.II. Introduction of Web-based Service of Disaster Information Sharing Model (WSDISM). The paper points out the spatial features of the data of disaster-inducing factors, disaster-forming environment, disaster-affected body and the disastrous situation. It provides a method which integrates all kinds of disaster data with the geographic framework data as the carrier and unified geographic code as the base. On this condition, the sharing of disaster data collected by deferent departments can be realized based on the geographic information web service. The paper also presents the web-based disaster information sharing model and discusses the realization of this model at national, provincial and county levels.III. Realization of the WSDISM model. The paper analyses the methods and contents of integrated geo-information service for Wenchuan earthquake relief and rescuing, and acknowledges that satisfactory integrated services were provided for earthquake relief by geo-information data-based disaster data. However, limited by management mechanism and technological conditions at that time, all the data were shared by integrated management, which resulted in a number of problems such as redundant work in data processing and difficulties in data updating. This paper, bases on the series data of Wenchuan earthquake relief and rescuing, simulates different disaster data providing departments, develops an original system using WSDISM, adopts OGC geo-information web service standard and finally realizes disaster data sharing of different departments.The contributions and innovation points of this paper are as follows: First, in view of the existing problems of China's natural disaster management system, from the prospective of institutional mechanism and system, the paper proposes disaster management idea of"unified coordination by competent comprehensive departments, separate handling by the specific departments, realization at national, provincial and municipal levels". Secondly, inview of existing problems of China's law system in natural disaster management, the paper propose to enact a basic law on natural disaster management, while amending and perfecting the existing laws and regulations. Thirdly, by introducing the theory of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) into information and data management of natural disaster, the paper constructs a Web Service-based Disaster Information Sharing Model (WSDISM). Fourth, Applying WSDISM in decision-making on disaster management on Wenchuan earthquake, the paper proves China's natural disaster management system scientific and reliable, by model examination.