Synthesis And Characterizations Of Mesoporous Silica-based,Non-silicate And Porous Host-guest Functional Materials

Recently, the research of porous materials are focus not only on adsorption, separation, ion-exchange and catalysis, but also on the preparation and development of the host materials for optical or optoelectronic molecules; not only on silica mesoporous materials but also on non-silica mesoporous materials. However, the application of such functional materials, especially on micro-devices, is based on handful morphology, higher quality monoliths or membranes, and lager size of cross-linked protein crystals, which are very difficult to achieve.In the second chapter, Firstly, the template of the mesoporous material has been removed. There are three methods: calcination, extraction, and microwave digestion. Microwave digestion can remove the template fast and completely and keep rich surface silanol groups. Then, wall surface of mesoporous silica material was modified with proper organic functional groups and provide accessibility for anchoring other substrates. At last, the encapsulation of guest dye molecules in these hosts leads to composite materials with novel properties, which enable possible applications as materials for catalysis, adsorption, and electronic devices. Rhodamine B has been encapsulated in the channels of rodlike SBA-15 with NH2 group, but Rhodamine 6G and coumarin 151 encapsulated into the channels because of hydrogen bonding, electronic adsorption and van der Waals force. The composite of Rh B/RSBA-15 can be observed blue shift in UV and PL spectra because of the dye mono-disperse in the channels of SBA-15. For Rhodamine 6G, we did comparison experiments: encapsulated dyes into mesoporous SBA-15 which had not been modified and which had been modified. The mesoporous structure can also been seen from the composite materials which had been modified but can not been seen from the composite which had not been modified. The smaller length of the composite can obtain wider output lasing mode. Red-shift also been observed from the composite of Cou151/RSBA-15.For many applications, the mesoporous materials should be controlled not only on the nanometer scale of the pore structure but also on the micrometer scale of the morphology. A diversity of mesoporous silica with defined morphology, like monoliths, films, or spheres, can be used as good host material. In the third and fourth chapter, dye molecules-coumarin 151 and Rhodamine B have been successfully incorporated into mesoporous SBA-15 monoliths and films by evaporate-solvent method. In the preparation process, organic dyes has been added to the synthesis mixtures at the same time, the template was supermolecule which formed by interaction between structure-directing agent and dye molecules. Finally, the dyes in the mesoporous host would be in a uniform dispersion, and keep the well-ordered porous properties. In UV and PL spectra, significant blue shift can be observed. The differences that exist in the UV and PL bands implied that the nearest-neighbor structure around dye molecules was not simple as the cluster structure of solvate in the solution if compared with solvents. The polarity of the local environment surrounding the dye molecules has been changed because of interaction between dye molecules and structure-directing agent through the inter-molecular force such as electrostatic force and van der waals force.In the fifth chapter, mesoporous titanium dioxide spheres have been synthesized by non-template metod and catalysis application has been investigated between the mesoporous titanium dioxide and business product. After comparison, we found that if the samples have anatase and rutile structure and the ratio is 4:1 then the catalysis property will be better. But the catalysis property of P25 is better than mesoporous titanium dioxide spheres because the size of P25 is smaller it's just 21nm but the size of mesoporous titanium dioxide spheres is about 2 m. So the size and the structure of the sample are all important for the catalysis property.In the sixth chapter, lysozyme crystals have been synthesized and then cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. After cross-linking, the crystals became more stable and stronger mechanical. Metal ions or dyes have been doped into the cross-linked crystals and mesoporous structure has been observed clearly from TEM. The application of the composite crystals is investigated on catalysis and solar cell.In conclusion, several kinds of mesoporous materials have been synthesized using different methods and then guest materials have been doped into the host mesoporous materials. Not only silica mesoporous materials, non-silica mesoporous materials and also mesoporous protein materials, after doping or modification, they all have new application in optical, photocatalysis or solar cell.