The Conception Of Architecture And Environment On Bashu Cliff

Moya Grottoes is a unique architecture form. These distinctive architectures adequately reflect architecture technologies, drawings and sculptures, and folk customer cultures in certain terrains of certain periods, besides rich religious cultures. The dissemination sets out the proposed research topics, Summarizes the current academic research on the Ba and Shu Cliff, and proposed Bashu Cliff focus of the study.Next , the emergence of Bashu Moya Grottoes has its respective development rule which ran through the process of Chinese adaptation and regionalization of Buddhism culture. The development of Bashu Grottoes experienced four stages: the embryo period with the co-existence of Buddhists and Immortalities, the development period with the sequent image-creation of north, the climax period with grumous Bashu characteristics, and the later period with image-creation in groups. Its Moya artistic form reflects plenty of contents, such as the development of Buddhist sects in Bashu area, the historical regional distribution of Taoism as well as its image-creation characteristics, and the culture trend of the syncretism of three religions in China, etc.The large-scale appearance of Moya Grottoes in Bashu area is inseparable with Bashu's unique geographic culture, the regional economy, and the economy, history and politics in Tang and Song Dynasty. There is a very strong relationship between the exploitation mode of Moya Grottoes and the type of cliff burial of Han Dynasty in Bashu area, the artistic expression of Moya, the development of drawings and sculptures in Bashu area, and the moving towards south of economic and culture center of Tang and Song Dynasties. Therein, because of the hereditary system in craftsman families of Moya Grottoes in Bushu area, Bashu Moya has certain group features in artistic characters.The dissemination of Moya Grottoes in Bashu area was inseparable with the traffic layout, the spatial distribution of towns and cities, the regional classification, and the economic development. The distribution from north to south along the Jialing River and the Min River is an outstanding feature of the dissemination of Moya Grottoes. Furthermore, the distribution of Moya Grottoes is also related with the geological environment, which spreads along the read sandstone mountains. The site selection of Moya always emphasizes the geological ambience. According to Moya's artistic characters, people select continues cliffs and mesas, and pay attention to the integrity of natural forms. There are three most important layout laws among Moya, peripheral geographic environment, and temple architecture spaces: the radioactive layout with temples as cores, the extended linear-space mode along cliffs, and the interpenetrative mode with temples. Moya parks which develop with Moya as sustainable landscapes year by year are an indivisible part of Moya Grottoes'architecture culture. Its layout modes can be classified into two types based on Moya's unique artistic expression forms: portrait and landscape. The imagery analysis of park spaces mainly concentrates on four aspects: entrance spaces which forms accord with the topography, garden architectures which styles are not restrained, winding and visible paths, and unsophisticated landscaping elements with nimbus. The building of human landscapes is one of keystones in Moya parks. It needs to successfully shape human visual landscapes as well as man-made and natural landscape environments, while it has to pay attention to the integration of the calligraphy, seal engraving, couplet on pillar, and epigraph with Moya Grottoes.The dissemination summarizes the relationship between Moya Grottoes and architectures in them, as well as features of these special architectures. Different Moya Grottoes, such as big statue niches, lines of niches, thousand buddhas and so on, have distinctive image-creation styles and scales. As a result, it is necessary to explore suitable architecture forms among big Buddhist temples, grotto eaves, folk houses and so on, to provide reasonable protections. In addition, it also has practical guidance significance for current and future Moya Grottoes protection to summarize previous useful protection methods. Meanwhile, this paper also analyzes principle of architectures of Grottoes, including architecture treatment methods, such as lighting, drainage, physical load bearing and so on. Plenty of grotto shapes in Bashu area is also one of features of Bashu Moya. Important forms include round-lintel niches, peak-arch niches, house-shaped niches, and Buddhism-curtain niches, etc. Decorative motifs of grotto niches include regional Buddhist themes, traditional Chinese decorative motifs, and rich song and dance art themes.We can summarizes that Moya Grottoes in Bashu area reserve a lot of architecture forms of Tang and Song Dynasties. It is fortunate for the history of Chinese architecture, especially the history of regional architecture, which is short of material evidences. There are plenty of architecture types in Bashu Moya, including hall pavilion, corridor pavilion, platform, pagoda, sutra pillar, bridges, and so on. Moreover, architecture types of pagoda and sutra pillar are particularly rich. Layouts of architecture groups shown in Dynasties to some extent. In addition, the expression of exquisite architecture details and decorative components can complement the research of art of architecture on ancient architecture details and components. Han and Tang are two climaxes in the development of Chinese ancient architecture. This paper compares the architecture images represented in Han Dynasty pictorial bricks and pottery houses with that of Moya Grottoes to conjecture the affiliation of architectures in Bashu area in a certain historical period, which can achieve some staged development venation of regional architectures.