Study On The Design Of The Temple Architecture In Front Of Cave In The Mogao Grottoes

Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes dug in east cliff of Dunhuang Mingsha mountain that located at 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang city,that is about 1600 meters long,including more than 700 caves.there are nearly 500 incaves that have wall paintings and statures.Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is the largest existing shrine of Buddhist art in the word.Dunhuang grottos arts is integrated arts that are composed of buildings,murals and statues,which architecture includes the cave type system itself and the atria(temple architecture before the cave and the cave eaves).It cleared a total of twenty places that Dunhuang Cultural Relics Research Institute has carried out four working of archaeological cleanup excavations about temple architecture before cave ruins half of the 1960 s.This fully proves the existence of the building before cave in history.After a review of literature found that the more detailed research at building of the Dunhuang Grottoes at home and abroad belongs to teacher XiaoMo.The book "Dunhuang building research" has carried out in-depth research and analysis on all aspects of building in Dunhuang than the building before caves.Therefore,there are still shortcomings of the current research on the construction before Mogao Cave.Firstly,the climate area of Dunhuang has been analyzed and the characteristics of optical,temperature and humidity of the Dunhuang area has been obtained: Dunhuang area belongs to the second light climate zone in China’s Light district,with an average annual sunshine hours for 3246.7.According to the monitoring data provided by the Dunhuang Academy,the temperature changes in the Mogao Grottoes is relatively stable,the overall trend of a slightly increase.Humidity is relatively complex,but also the overall upward trend.The annual average wind speed is about 4m / s in Cave area,and oriented to southerly.Afterwards,this paper establishes model of the typical 55 cave.From the perspective of heritage conservation the paper studies the microenvironmen of caves that in different antechamber spatial scales to obtain the ideal space scales that favor of heritage conservation and provide the basis for the design of the building before the caves.Article simulates daylighting,temperature and ventilation times about the main chamber of the cave,based on a series of spatial scales in different deep proportions of temple architecture.Through the comparative analysis of simulation and calculation results,we can draw the best scales of the temple architecture before cave: bay: 10 m,depth ratio of atria to main chamber: 7.3m.Finally,the paper summed up the general laws in building practices in Mogao Grottoes of Song through compares the practices of several Tang and Song Dynasties Cave eaves that exists in Mogao to French practice: times Miankuo narrower than beware between;column height exceeds the beware room Miankuo;larger timber,scale of brackets is very large,retains the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty;jump of brackets、eaves and fly did not meet the provisions length;straight eave and without alice.At the same time,the article compares several different roof forms find Xieshan that longitudinal axis parallels to the cliff is more suitable to 55 Cave.According to the above law and identified former compartment spatial scale,article carried out architecture design of the cave temple.