| Networking design includes collaborative design, concurrent design, virtual design, comprehensive design and integrated design, etc in the network environment. Due to the tendency of economic globalization, reliable and effective multi-sited collaborative design becomes greatly important, and it is necessary requirement for the development of modern manufacturing. With the deepening of the research on the collaborative work systems, they are important tasks of networking design to develop virtual reality (VR) tools and implement virtual design in Internet. From China's actual condition point of view, it should be in the dominant position to develop low-cost VR application systems, leading to both economic and social benefits. According to our conditions, developing and popularizing networking design, such as collaborative design, virtual design and customizing design, etc, and suiting collaborative work systems to the support ability of many middle-sized and small-sized enterprises, will provide very important meaning for improving the whole modern level of China's enterprises. With the features of low-cost and small system size, non-immersive VR systems focus on the implementation of dynamic and real-time interactions. As a result, they are easy to be used and popularized in Internet. This paper deeply studies and explores Web and non-immersive VR based multi-sited collaborative real-time work systems and virtual environment. Its main contents are as follows:1. The main research contents, key technologies and research actuality, etc of multi-sited collaborative work systems and VR system are discussed comprehensively, and the prospect of combining multi-sited collaborative work systems with VR technology is analyzed. Moreover, this paper proposes the research direction in which VR based multi-sited collaborative work systems will be developed on the basis of low-cost;2. A deep study on the Web and VR based real-time collaborative design systems is made. In order to overcome the shortcomings of current systems, two Web and non-immersive VR based real-time interactive collaborative design systems, VMPDS (Virtual Mobile Phone Design System) and VFDS (Virtual Front-hook Design System), are developed, using open standards and technologies, such as VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language), Java, and EAI, etc. In addition, the system structures, the graphic user interfaces design, the transform andoptimization of 3D model data, network communication and data management, and dynamic I/O operation of these two systems are studied in detail;3. The integration of Web based VR-CAD system for conceptual design is studied. The approaches to generating conceptual models and problems in computer aided concept design are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the respective features of VR and CAD systems are studied and compared, and the feasibility of combining VR and CAD systems in Internet is explored. Furthermore, this paper develops a Web based VR-CAD system (WVMD), which consists of three modules: VRML based model constructor (VMC), CAD based model constructor (CMC), VRML based cross-section model constructor (VCC) and relevant subsystem (PDAI) for design analysis. This system provides both parametric and free-hand sketch methods for directly creating and editing 3D conceptual models in the virtual environment through Internet, supporting dynamic designing and changing models without the need for switching between the VR environment and CAD software;4. The human-computer interface (HCI) of non-immersive virtual environment and interactive technology are studied deeply. The HCI, interactive modes and methods, the form of navigation in a virtual scene and the application of multimedia to a virtual environment are analyzed emphatically. Considering the diversity and typification of human-computer interactivity, a virtual ticket machine (VTM) system is developed to practically testify the analysis mentioned above;5. Web and VR based multi-sited collaborative customization systems ar...
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