The Outlook And Creation Of Architecture By System Science

The system science is a methodology of modern science,which is a great result in the twentieth-century. It provides a newly strong weapon of thought for people to cognize and reform the world. Since system science came into being, it has been widely used in many subjects and obtained many breakthrough results. Architecture is a complicated system, and the system science is a very effectually research tool, but the researches in this aspect were insufficient. Therefore, there will be broad future to research architecture by system science. If some breakthrough in this aspect was made, the whole level of architectural theory and architectural practice would be promoted. The system science includes three stages of development (the system theory,the self- organization theory and the nonlinear science).These theories researched the system from different perspective, which was the basis of overall researching the law of architectural system. This paper didn't adopt the research method that each branch of system science was put into a one-to-one correspondence with architecture, but researched development regulation and actually existent phenomenon of architecture with the essence of system science.This paper expanded the regulation of architecture with the system science, including static regulation, dynamic regulation and the creative method of architecture by system science. These aspects were interaction. On one hand, the static regulation and dynamic regulation of the architecture were the foundation of the method of architectural creations by system science. On the other hand, the method of architectural creations by system science was the application of the static regulation and dynamic regulation of architecture.Firstly,in the aspect of static regulation, the relationship of element, system and environment,the relationship of structure, function and information, the layer of the architectural system'structure, the composing of the architectural system'structure, the characteristic of the architectural system and the combination regulation of the architectural system were studied. Some breakthrough was acquired comparing with beforehand researches. For example,Human and architecture were deemed to be a composite system which architecture was endowed with life. Human was the medium of architectural function through which self-organization , self-procreation and self-evolution can be realized. This paper studied architecture with system science, which the form, function and meaning of architecture were converted into the structure,function and information of architectural system. The structure of architectural system included the crosswise constitution and the longitudinal constitution through researching the structural level of architectural system. The creative process of architecture was the fact that the crosswise constitution element flowed in longitudinal level of architectural system under the information instructing.Secondly , in the aspect of the dynamic regulations of architecture ,"on contradiction"was taken as the basis of the former researches. The architectural development appeared as the law of the negation of negation, which the outline of architectural development was disclosed. But as a whole it was a sketchy survey. This paper inherited the predecessor's research results and broke through their limitation of viewpoint. The dynamic regulations of architecture was studied from the view of system science,which architectural research would be promoted to further development. These researches mainly included the condition, guarantee, inducement, motive, form, substance, vision, direction and mechanism of architecture,which the overview of architectural dynamic development has been unfolded to people. Specially,this paper revealed the fact that the dynamic development essence of architecture was the process of information transmission and that human was the medium of information transmission and that the development of architecture is the hypercycle of information,thus the dynamic development of architecture was endowed with life. This paper broke the limitation of the law of the negation of negation in architectural development form and revealed the law of architectural development which presented the form of the catastrophe, bifurcation and choice and presented the tendency which was from divergence to convergence and to divergence again,thus the reason was explained that the architectural development appeared synchronously many kinds of style.In addition, this paper also explored the creative method of architecture by the system science. Architectural creation was deemed as information processing according to the relation between the structure of architectural system and its information. The process included mainly information collection, information extraction,information evolution , information integration , information transformation and information expression. This process also associated with various processes of feedforward and feedback. The creative method of architecture by the system science gained some breakthrough comparing with beforehand method. As for the action-object, the former creative method placed too much emphasis on architectural form, but the creative method of architecture by the system science emphasized the information of architectural form. On the creative procedure, the former creative method included the process of analytical problem, data collection, answer and evaluation. This process was from form to form. But the creative method of architecture by the system science included the process of analytical problem, data collection, translating form into information, receiving information chain of new architecture through the evolution and integration of information, translating information into form through information transformation and information expression,which information operation was added in the process. The process was from form to information and to form again. In the aspect of information feedback, the former creative method had to be shifted towards information negative feedback through which architectural competition approached toward the design target gradually. The creative method of architecture by the system science not only attached importance to negative feedback but also to positive feedback and feedforward.