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Investigation And Simulation On Crowd Evacuation In Fire Disaster

Posted on:2008-07-04Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:J C MaFull Text:PDF
GTID:1102360218461440Subject:Structural engineering
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Ensuring the occupants' life safety is the principal object of performance-basedfireproof design. Due to the rapid development of information technology, simulationmethod has become a valid approach to achieve the desired object. Since 1980s,evacuation simulation models have been applied widely in the world. However, thereare some deficiencies in current simulation research of crowd evacuation in case offire, and mainly including: firstly, nothing more than evacuees' evacuation process issimulated, which neglects the real-time influence of fire environment on the crowdevacuation. Secondly, occupant evacuation in fire environment is a stochastic process,but most studies are based on deterministic analysis. And lastly, several computersoftwares with uniform input patterns are used straightly in the building evacuationperformance evaluation, as to the setting of input parameters, the behaviorcharacteristic of evacuee in different areas are usually ignored.To solve the problems described above, some further investigations are carriedout based on following the idea which combines observation test with computersimulation:1. A passenger flow observation test is organized in a subway station ofShanghai city. Some data regarding Chinese behavior characters are obtained byvideo record analysis, for example, the passengers' age distribution, the walkingspeed, etc. At the same time, how the escalator affects passenger evacuation is alsostudied. The successful observation test is helpful for gaining more accuratesimulation results.2. The combinative idea of physical simulation and behavior simulation isproposed, with the help of CFAST and buildingEXODUS, the crowd evacuation aimat a subway station is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the real-time fireenvironment will reduce the judgment ability and mobility of crowd and result inretard of evacuation process and other unfavorable consequence. So it is necessary toconsiderate the effect of fire environment on the crowd evacuation in the future fireproof design.3. Key influence parameters of occupant evacuation process are quantitativelyanalyzed, including the corner angle, pedestrian speed etc, and the relations betweendifferent parameters are reflected. The results clearly prove that different parametershave different effects on the crowd evacuation. And even for the same parameter, theinfluence degree may depend on different building types.4. Safety evacuation reliability assessment technology is developed byprobability density evolution method, from which the FOSM method is tested to bevalidated.5. Based on above work, safety evacuation optimal control method is alsostudied in this dessertation.Finally, further researches are briefly discussed.
Keywords/Search Tags:evacuation simulation model, fire simulation, observation test, reliability analysis, optimal control
PDF Full Text Request
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