Study On Fire Evacuation Of High-rise Buildings

With the development of society,the level of intelligent buildings in our country has been improved significantly.Urban buildings are developing towards multi-functional and high-rise buildings.However,due to the long vertical distance,large population base,relatively complex structure and function,and relatively backward fire prevention and rescue technology and management measures,once the fire,it is easy to cause huge casualties and bad social impact.In order to improve the evacuation efficiency and reduce property loss and casualties,it is of great practical significance to study the evacuation of high-rise buildings.In this paper,many methods are used to analyze and study the evacuation of people under a high-rise fire circumstances.Firstly,the characteristics and causes of high-rise building fire are analyzes through literature investigation,which defines the objective and significance of the study.Secondly,In this paper,the micro evacuation model and macro evacuation strategy are studied in-depth,and the hot topic of elevator participating in the emergency evacuation of high-rise buildings is studied,which verifies the feasibility and superiority of elevator participating in the emergency evacuation of high-rise buildings.The improvement of social force model: in order to improve the accuracy of behavior simulation of computer personnel,this paper studies the improvement of social force model based on fuzzy rules and constraints.Firstly,in order to solve the problem that the velocity jump in the simulation of the original model is inconsistent with the reality,the social force model is modified by adding the limiting conditions of velocity and acceleration.Secondly,aiming at the phenomenon of continuous collision and velocity shock in the model,fuzzy rules are used to optimize the personnel range coefficient in social force model,make it become a dynamic parameter affected by the relative speed and the distance between people.Finally,a hybrid correction model based on fuzzy rules and constraint conditions is established by combining the constraint conditions and fuzzy rules,and the social force model is modified.The results show that the modified model can well solve the phenomena of continuous collision,velocity jump and vibration,and improve the fitting degree between the model and the actual situation.Elevator assisted evacuation areas: This paper takes a high-rise office building as an example,PyroSim and Pathfinder are used to establish smoke numerical simulation and evacuation model respectively.Through the joint simulation,it can be concluded that in the process of building evacuation,the role of personnel guidance and the use of elevators can greatly improve the evacuation efficiency.The superiority and feasibility of elevator participating in high-rise building are verified.At the same time,the evacuation process is further optimized by aiming at the special situation of fire-prone areas which people pay little attention to,so that the results of this simulation are closer to the real situation.Evacuation path optimization: In order to satisfy the use conditions of Dijkstra algorithm under the optimal path selection of high-rise buildings,the equivalent length of evacuation path of high-rise buildings is converted in this paper.Eleven factors in construction,fire and personnel were used to establish the speed evaluation index system.By using the theory and method of unascertained measure theory and combining with the entropy weight method,the problems with many and interrelated factors are well dealt with,and the relation between the influence degree of evacuation velocity and the real evacuation velocity is established.Secondly,the method of adjacency matrix and time weight is used to optimize the traditional Dijkstra algorithm.,so that it can be applied to the selection of the optimal evacuation path for highrise buildings.To sum up,this paper studied the fire evacuation of high-rise buildings from different perspectives,such as the improvement of social force model,the application of elevators in evacuation of high-rise buildings,the conversion of equivalent length based on the unascertained measure theory,and the optimization and application of Dijkstra algorithm.It can provide reference for the optimization of evacuation software,the formulation of evacuation strategy for high-rise buildings and the selection of optimal path.At the same time,it has great significance to the fire prevention and evacuation design of high-rise buildings,the construction of fire-fighting facilities and the formulation of laws and regulations,as well as the fine management of high-rise buildings.