Research On Modeling And Simulation Of Fire Evacuation In Subway Stations

With the development of economy and the advancement of science and technology,the popularity of automobiles is getting higher and higher,coupled with the intensive urban traffic,the traffic volume of urban roads has exceeded its maximum capacity.In today's fast-paced world,it is very necessary to vigorously develop urban rail transit.Since the development of urban rail transit,the fire problem has always been the biggest potential threat to its safe operation.China's subway is generally designed as an underground station.In the event of a fire,it faces a large flow of people in a short space and relatively closed underground space.The problem.When a fire occurs,how to quickly evacuate pedestrians to a safe area,reducing casualties is particularly important for the safe operation of the subway.In the evacuation process,the most important part is to choose the appropriate evacuation plan according to the building structure and personnel structure of the subway station.With the combination of computer simulation technology and evacuation model,many evacuation experiments are presented more realistically,effectively and intuitively,which also provides a basis for optimal evacuation planning.Thererore,when the fire occurs,it is especially important to select the appropriate evacuation plan according to the building structure and personnel structure of-the subway station to ensure the safety of personnel.This paper reviews the modeling methods and simulation methods of scholars in the field of evacuation by consulting domestic and foreign literatures,and analyzes the modeling principle,applicable environment,advantages and disadvantages of-each model in detail,and establishes evacuation in combination with the environmental structure of subway stations under fire conditions.model.Taking the Xiaozhai Station of Xi'an as an example,the simulation of Any Logic simulation software was used to analyze the influence of three different factors,such as the number of stairs,the proportion of personnel structure and the number of exits,on evacuation time and flow density.First,the paper studied the influence of the number of stairs on the evacuation time and the flow density at the stairs by changing the number of stairs between the platform level and the station floor of Line 3 of Xiaozhai Station in Xi'an Metro.The simulation analysis shows that the evacuation time of the three sets of stairs for pedestrian selection is not much different from the evacuation time when the two sets of stairs can be selected by pedestrians,but the pedestrian density is larger when two sets of stairs are used for evacuation.Secondly,pedestrians in subway stations are divided into six categories according to age and gender.The proportion of each type of pedestrian is different,and the evacuation time is also slightly different,but the difference is not enough to affect the entire evacuation process.Finally,change the number of exits in the evacuated environment.When the number of outlets increases from 1 to 2,the evacuation time is greatly reduced.When the number is increased to 3,the evacuation time is the least.When it is increased to 4,5,and 6 outlets,the evacuation time is basically unchanged and the flow density at the gate is not changed.No longer change.It shows that with the increase of evacuation exits,the evacuation time can be reduced to some extent.Therefore,when formulating the subway station evacuation plan in the case of fire,it is very necessary to choose the optimal number of evacuation stairs and the number of exits according to the building structure of the subway station and the location of the fire.The shortening of the evacuation time can greatly reduce the casualties probability.