City Disaster Prevention And Reduction Plan Research

With the increasingly greater impact exerted by disasters on human being,economic and social development, disasters have become the obstacle againstsustainable development, so the world is experiencing a severe situation in preventingand reducing disasters. Chinese cities are also confronted with severe endangermentof disasters. Urban disasters are characterized with obvious amplification effect,diverse disaster types, strong chain effect, easy proliferation, wide damage andtremendous impact on society. In recent years, although China has made greatprogress in research on disaster prevention and reduction, compared with relatedachievements made by developed countries, there is still a gigantic gap for us tobridge.In this paper, theoretical exploration was conducted on urban disaster preventionand reduction planning from a microscopical angle. The following aspects have beenstudied: the research background, basics and framework of urban disaster preventionand reduction planning, urban disaster prevention and reduction planning in urbanspace, risk management in urban disaster prevention and reduction planning,vulnerability assessment and emergency management.Urban disaster prevention and reduction involves more than one department anddisaster types and is a complicated social systematic project. As an important part ofdisaster construction, urban disaster prevention planning should always be guided bythe principle of comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction, put into practice theprinciple of urban disaster prevention and reduction planning characterized withvarious types of disasters, various risks, multiple measures and assessment. Theplanning system of comprehensive urban disaster prevention can be presented fromthree levels, namely, the macro-level, middle-level and micro-level.Urban disasters can be categorized into the following types: natural (man-made)disasters like earthquake, tsunami, storm, typhoon, tornado, seawater intrusion,coastal erosion, debris flow, flood, land subsidence, land slide, fire and others; construction safety and disasters like local or partial collapse of buildings, injuriesand death, construction and environment disaster caused by underground construction,foundation pit and subway construction accidents; municipal road and pipe networksafe operation like pipe crack, pipe explosion, leakage of coal gas and natural gas;soft loss, that is, non-material loss caused by urban disasters like mental injury,destroy of social order and safety and disorder of normal working and livingactivities.With the rapid development of Chinese economy and improvement ofurbanization, the density of urban construction on each land unit is higher than everbefore. In this case, if disasters take place, they will result in obvious amplificationeffect. Therefore, reasonable arrangement of urban space will benefit theimprovement of ecological environment of cities, reducing disasters, controlling theirspread and lessening disaster risks. Since urban virtual space constitutes the refugepassage and shelter and plays a role in protecting environment and reducing thespread of disasters, great importance shall be attached to the planning of urban virtualspace.The planning of urban disaster prevention space shall be combined with thepresent and future planning of cities. Localized planning, incorporated normal anddisaster situation, balanced layout and proximate placement which enabletransportation in the urban space fast and smooth also should be considered in spaceplanning. In accordance with the characteristics of administrative departments of ourcountry, urban disaster prevention refuge space can be classified into three levels:municipal level, regional level and communal level. The optimization model of urbandisaster prevention layout can firstly confirm the least disaster prevention space thatcan cover all demands. Then the given disaster prevention space is located accordingto the furthest distance that evacuation of people can reach and the principle of thelargest cover. Smooth road network system is the essential condition for safeevacuation in case of disasters. The width of evacuation road can be optimized by thedynamical equation of effective width of evacuation road.The planning of urban disaster prevention and reduction shall be based onresearch on urban disaster risks. Pointed planning can not be implemented unless the clear interpretation of disaster types and risks cities are confronted with is achieved.Urban disaster risk management is a dynamic process and its implementation needscontinuous circulation and improvement. Urban disaster risk management mainlyincluded: risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment and risk handling.In the course of the rapid urbanization of China, due to continuous expansionand function recombination, cities expand like "spreading out a big pie", resulting inunbalanced development within cities. Weak parts can be found out within cities byconducting research on vulnerability of some areas of the city to facilitate theprotection and improvement in the planning and improve the city's ability to fightagainst disaster and reduce loss caused by disasters.According to life cycle of crisis, emergency management can be specificallydivided into four stages, namely, they are prevention, preparation, reaction andrecovery. Emergency management shall be a continuous process and its study objectsare characterized with complexity and diversity and involve interests of more thanone party. And it is a complicated and gigantic social system. A complete set ofsystem shall be built up by the government. Emergency management of disastersconstitutes an important part of urban disaster prevention and reduction.