| In our country at present more than 70% of the city, more than 50% of the population distribution in the earthquake disaster, meteorological disasters, geological disasters, such as disaster areas, more than 2/3 of the land area by the threat of a potential disaster. Especially in the mountain city, complex ecological environment planning and construction by many natural factors, and urban development inevitable to the environment bring certain transformation and the destructive effect, various types of mountain disasters which happened frequently, resulting in a immeasurable loss, exploration in the mountainous city disaster prevention method is imminent.Secondly, the occurrence of disasters is a risk phenomenon. Risk is the possibility and cause the size of the loss to describe a hazardous event and mountain city disaster includes all kinds of disasters occurrence probability, cause the size of the loss of the two parts of the urban system. Widely used in the field of urban safety risk management theory through comprehensive analysis of the two parts of the risk, and according to analysis and evaluation of the results and take corresponding risk mitigation and control measures, is a reasonable and feasible urban disaster prevention theory.Review of the practice of the past and present of the urban disaster prevention, the ancient Chinese "respect for nature, to meet the law, harmony between man and nature" to thought and Western Garden City, organic evacuation as an ideal city pattern exploration contains the thought through the creation of urban space to prevent disaster, also domestic and external urban roads, urban park green space, urban and layout, and other aspects of practice that through "planning soft measures can effectively solve the problem of urban disaster, the effect is stronger than the simple engineering disaster prevention facilities.From the above three aspects, the thesis in mountainous city as the research platform, the model based on risk management, in the application of risk management theory to disaster planning practice, for the study of mountain hazards in the typical mountain hazards mountain city by means of planning effective disaster prevention methods.The risk management model in the way of mountain city planning implementation of the disaster prevention can be summarized into two stages: â‘ disaster risk assessment: the stage of mountain disasters as the interaction system of the developing environment, disaster causing factors, hazard bearing body three, an analysis of the reasons and influence of the specific circumstances of the disaster, including hazard analysis analysis and vulnerability, and comprehensive assessment of disaster risk, as the mountain city planning basis; â‘¡risk control application stage: embodied in the mountain city land, structure, traffic, environment and other aspects of the application of risk control of disaster prevention planning: in the risk assessment basis, according to the elements of disaster risk to reduce or avoid the risk the source, scientific layout and reasonable construction, risk avoidance, risk prevention measures taken to improve the anti disaster ability of risk; or the carrier itself to resist the risk measures etc..The core thesis consists of three parts of the mountain city disaster risk management theory, mountain disaster prevention strategy for urban planning and practice.Mountain city disaster risk management theory: general suitable risk management process as the basis, combined with the characteristics of mountainous cities in mountainous city level of disaster risk management model proposed for.â‘ assessment of mountain disasters: mountain city disaster is natural environment condition change and urban development and construction process as a result of the interaction, the mountain hazards assessment should disaster system philosophy of, respectively for elements of hazard analysis(including topography, hydrology, geology, vegetation pregnant environment and climate, disturbance and induced factors of disaster and disaster vulnerability analysis(natural environment, physical and social vulnerability, scientific risk assessment provides premise, spatial analysis and evaluation results of the expression can be used as a mountain city with an important basis for the allocation of resources, mountain urban spatial optimization planning method.â‘¡ of mountain hazards control thought: as a risk event, mountain hazards is "disaster preparation- disasters disaster derived- the impact of disasters" continuous disaster process. Therefore, according to the process of the risk, the mountain city disaster control can be divided into risk avoidance, to prevent the risk, risk mitigation, risk remedial four level.The combination of planning characteristics, focusing on the following three aspects of risk control methods to prevent disasters: risk avoidance-- when in the evaluation of a regional city development and construction are facing huge disaster risk, disaster risk is unacceptable area, take the initiative to give up the construction to avoid disaster risk; risk prevention-- before the loss of the risk, according to the disaster environment and disaster occurred in the course of implementation of various measures, reduce the occurrence probability of intensity and disaster; risk-- before the loss of the risk and disaster process, the implementation of various measures, reduce vulnerability, reduce the impact of disasters, serious consequences will minimize the loss.Mountain city disaster prevention planning strategy: risk management mode based on mainly discussed the following four aspects of disaster prevention planning method.â‘ land selection and layout. Avoidance: mountain city location to avoid hazard area, an important public service facilities(schools, hospitals, etc.) to avoid hazard zone prevention disaster risk zoning results into the city layout planning, limit the high risk area development strength, encourage low risk priority to the development zone; against: according to different levels of disaster risk balance disaster prevention cost and obtain the benefit to develop the corresponding prevention policy, improve the overall level of disaster.â‘¡ land development and space structures. Avoidance: urban development to avoid hazard zone; prevent: the city land development scale control in can withstand the range, groups form for the disaster prevention space structure, avoid the city spread destruction of ecological environment of stability; against: by compact group structure of a group of isolated areas, to enhance the level of disaster protection, reduce spread of the disaster caused by the loss.â‘¢ road and transport. Avoidance: traffic to avoid the hazard zone prevention traffic to conducive to the development of a low risk area, reduce high risk area road grade; against: to conform to the topography of the road alignment, diverse group of contact to reduce damage to the environment; through the strengthening of urban traffic link and enhance the level of urban disaster preventionâ‘£ urban external and internal environment. Avoidance: choice of Disaster Prevention Green refuge to avoid dangerous area; prevent: three aspects of protection of the ecological environment of integrity, protection of rivers and mountain corridor, an important node in the protection and restoration construction of urban ecological security pattern and the key breeding environment and environment monitoring and early warning of disaster factor; against: play protective Industrial Zone, road green belt, the geological disasters in the buffer zone, river flood control with a protective effect to the disaster.Practical application: in Panzhihua City as the research scope, disaster risk analysis and evaluation results very good reflects the development of Panzhihua City in the presence of hazard and predisposing factors: disasters and interference to the mountain close relationship; the linear distribution of the characteristics of obvious; construction area surrounding high sensitivity, people contradiction, urban to the surrounding expansion will bring disaster risk. By means of risk control, currently in Panzhihua City in the land, on the part of the structure, traffic, environment optimization: the conflict between the urban construction and hazard analysis, optimize the urban land layout; control group size and development, retention and recovery group gap, formed green heart and ribbon development of land use structure. To prevent the risk of angle through the sensitive area of the mountain road grade control, reduce the interference of urban construction on the natural environment; through the establishment of the group with isolation corridor, geological disaster prevention, industrial protective belt and other environmental control can be realized by way of urban planning.By the theory, method and practice of the above three aspects, the mode of risk management can be effective service to the mountain city disaster control, based on the theory of risk management of mountainous urban disaster prevention planning practice is a feasible way and of coordination of mountainous cities in coordinating contradiction between people and land, the demand of planning and construction and disaster prevention, disaster prevention lag has certain significance to solve. Through the theoretical analysis and practical aims at present a new disaster prevention way of thinking, and in the mountain city of integrated risk management, mountain urban disaster prevention system construction also need to further in practice was summarized and discussed. |
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