Study On The General System Of Landscape And Ecology In Exprssway

Expressway is the combo of natural environment and artificial structure, which can be used to research entironment re-building and landscape designing. The construction of expressway will take enormous negative impacts to natural landscape and humanities landscape along the line of expressway, meanwhile the worse contradictory between population, resources and entironment will add the pressure of highway ecosystem. With the ideology of sustainable development transformed drastically,the basic function of transportation is not consistent with the people's request to the highway. How to improve the proportion of landscape, enviromental psychology and ecological elements, and build harmonious environment system of man---vehicle---road is an important theme that the engineers face in current expressway construction.With the research of the expressway landscape ecosystem, the paper not only brings forward scientific basis which advocates"Virescence, Zoology, Environment Protection", but also provides the delimitation rules for the appropriate projects. Chooseing Xiao-xiang expressway as platform, the paper systemically summarizes all kinds of elements in expressway landscape ecosystem, and then builds an scientific research system of expressway landscape in which contents and the correlation technique are analyzed systemically by the combination of theory and actual project. The results show that the content in this paper has upper academic value and widest application prospects.The interlaced development of all interrelated subjects is the key to improve the research level of expressway environment landscape system. Based on the abundant correlative literature, the paper first analyzes the characters of the basic elements affect expressway landscape according to aesthetics, ecology and psychology et al. By combination of these contents and expressway landscape system, correlative theories and methods are generalized, and foundation academic theories which can be used to supervise the research of environment landscape is confirmed.On the basis of the environmental psychology theory, the paper divides the cognitive elements of expressway and the detail landscape elements. By the way of the sketch, the questionnaire& interview, the picture cognition and the visual simulation technology, the paper analyzes the characters and influence elements of the environment psychology, and puts out the relationship between users and expressway environment. Based on these, the instructed rules for landscape design and aesthetic responses model are deduced. The results show that the analysis of landscape orientation elements can help us to recover the behavior-psychology relationship between the expressway landscape and the users. The experience of multiplicity and particularness by the different users can improve the quality of landscape design, consequently providing the guiding principle for construction and decision-making.The expressway landscape design is a synthetical system that directly expressed the expressway landscape research results. Comparing with the traditional way which studied form the simplex landscape-making art limited, the design method in the paper absorbs the ideology include the demands of function, view and admire, nature and sociality and so on, and it puts emphasis on environmental psychology and ecological evanescence design. Generalizing currently design principles, the paper selected the Xiao-xiang expressway as example to analyze the design techniques of the important positions in the expressway landscape system in detail.Through analyzing and evaluating the indexes, such as soil, soil erosion and water loss, scalar of project, crop, woodland, animal and plants, the effect degree of construction to environment can be assessed, and it is very significative for us to selecte effective and pertinent ways of ecological protective and restoration by these content. Based on these, the paper puts forward the ecological restoration way that aims at different part of expressway, such as linearity, borrow (lend) pit ground, river, farmland, siol and ecological restraint belt, and then the instructional strategy for expressway ecological restoration is also summarized. It was indicated that the results have greatly pertinence and universal significance.Applying the visual simulation technology to highway engineering, an expressway visual simulation system for the visualization analysis of landscape design proposals is built during the construction of Xiao-xiang expressway. Its functional requirements and overall architecture are presented. The 3D model of expressway is created with AutoCAD DWG files as source data and the dynamic design method of expressway landscape elements is introduces. The system offers an effective tool to facilitate the analysis and evaluation of the road landscape proposals.Through countless document investigation, expert consultation and social research, assessment index system for expressway landscape scheme and assessment criterion is set up. By investigated the different communities, relative weights of different index are confirmed. Based on the theory of fuzzy mathematics, multi-object multi-hiberarchy fuzzy mathematics assessment model of Xiao-xiang expressway landscape index is built, and the final assessment results are expressed with score computed by this way. Being compared with qualitative analysis of the traditional, the qualitative and quantitative method mentioned in the paper improve objectivity and scientific nature.