| Urbanization brings the highly dense population, industry and buildings, and also the social problems of traffic jams, environmental pollution and resource shortage, therefore, creating ecological city has aroused the general concern of the governments at all levels of various countries and the citizens. Urban Greenland system, as the only component which has the function of self-purification, also has the irreplaceable function of ecology, landscape and society, which is the important ecological infrastructure of creating"ecological city". The development of ecology study has provided the theoretical basis and research methods for the construction of urban Greenland system, so this paper puts forward the idea of the ecological construction of urban Greenland system.Ecological construction is very popular in China, including different styles with large spatial spans, which are important foundation of the sustainable development of Chinese social economy. According to related literature, ecological construction is the active process of ecological restoration and reconstruction by the intervention of rational human activities, the aim of which is repairing damaged structure, function and process of ecological system and landscape and making it healthy. The feature of ecological construction includes:(1) Ecological construction has the characteristics of complexity because it is influenced and restricted by various factors such as history, society, economy, culture and so on.(2) Ecological construction has the characteristics of pertinence because it must carry out planning, design and implementation according to the ecological and environmental problems in specific areas.(3) Ecological construction has the characteristics of dynamics and uncertainty because of the dynamics of the composition, structure, process and function of the ecology system and the complexity during the construction. Due to the science of ecological construction, forestry ecological construction, regional ecological construction, urban ecological construction and other activities are widely developed.This paper puts forward the concept of the ecological construction of urban Greenland system and does some research and exploration on its theory and methods systematically. The ecological construction of urban Greenland system includes the ecological planning of urban Greenland system, the ecological engineer of urban Greenland and ecological management of urban Greenland system, forming three methodology system of the ecological construction of urban Greenland system. Ecological planning is the core and foundation of the ecological construction of urban Greenland system, which is the key point of the sustainable development. The ecological engineer of urban Greenland is the deepening and implementation of ecological planning. Ecological management runs through the ecological planning, the ecological engineer of urban Greenland and ecological management of urban Greenland system, which is the important guarantee and measure of the healthy and sustainable development of urban Greenland system.The ecological planning of urban Greenland system studies on the classification methods and the proper application index of the planning of urban Greenland system, the theoretical basis of which is ecology and landscape ecology. It analyzes the spatial pattern of urban Greenland system on scales of the city territory, the plan area and the built-up district. The technical system of the ecological planning of urban Greenland system is built, including the principles to follow, the planning process, the ecological analysis and evaluation, the planning scheme, the scheme evaluation, and the management and implementation of the planning and design. The traditional physical planning is transformed into ecological planning. After a thorough research and analysis on the spatial pattern models of urban Greenland system designed by scholars all across the world, the author puts forward the optimal pattern model of urban Greenland system, the " patch-corridor-ecological network ". This ecological network is formed by connecting green patches with crossing corridors, enhancing the continuity and stability of urban ecological system. This model can maintain and restore the continuity and integrity of the ecological pattern and process within a landscape and it will guarantee the safety of urban ecology. The paper has done detailed exposition to the style, function, and design of the patch, corridor and ecological network.(1) Different types of green patches can create different landscape ecological functions. The large patches can protect more species, forming regional species resource areas. The small patches of different structure can increase urban landscape heterogeneity, providing migration and diffusing temporary habitats for creatures, there will be close to the resident district and work district, thus would be very convenient to use. Therefore, the construction of urban Greenland is mainly based on large and middle-sized patches. As a supplement to the construction of urban Greenland, the dispersion of small patches is relatively uniform in urban Greenland system, which is the way of creating good Greenland landscape pattern. (2) The corridors are classified into three categories: green belt corridors, green path corridors and river corridors. The corridor can make the isolated species in patches survive and develop, enhancing the integrity of natural landscape.(3) The construction of ecological network is made up of river system network, transportation corridor network and urban forest network. It has many functions, such as providing habitats for wildlife, maintaining the biodiversity and the exchange among materials, energy and information. It also connects habitat patches by ecological corridors in order to increase the connection between each small ecosystem.The aim of the construction of the ecological engineering of urban Greenland is to create urban Greenlands for sustainable development. Through the ecological design of Greenland engineering project and the use of green materials and ecological techniques, the urban Greenlands are designed and constructed according to the principle of ecological culture , aesthetics , as well as the request of the ecological policy and regulations, among which the core and foundation is ecological design. The construction of the ecological engineering is a parameter design on a specific Greenland engineering based on the ecological planning of urban Greenland system. This paper has done detailed exposition on the model design, methods design, green material selection, ecological planting uses and ecological techniques, as well as the empirical research on Mountain Park engineering in the city of Ma'anshan.The ecological management manages the effect of human activities on the environment, in terms of ecology, economy, management and other theories as well as modern science and technology. The ecological management tries to balance out the contradiction between urban development and the environmental protection, in order to achieve the harmonious and sustainable development of economy, society and environment. It challenges and reforms the traditional management. The research focuses on the theory foundation and management countermeasures of ecological management of urban Greenland ecological system, and it solves the urgent problems which occurred to solve in the management of urban Greenland system by reforming the management system, perfecting laws and regulations, building near-nature Greenland and public participation, as a result, it improves the comprehensive benefit of urban Greenland system.Ma'anshan city is the one of the ten biggest bases of steel and iron cities, as well as an important industry and port city in Anhui. The total area of Ma'anshan is 1686 km~2. By the end of 2006, there are 68.3 km~2 of build-up area, all kinds Greenland takes up 28250 thousand m~2. The city has a green space ratio of 40.41%, green coverage rate of 42.57%, average park area of 13.23 m~2. The area of forest land of Ma'anshan city is 17 thousand hm~2, forest coverage of 13.7%. However, there is a severe imbalance in the green area distribution between city and the countryside. The general idea of the ecological planning of urban Greenland system in Ma'anshan is to form the complete urban ecological network by analyzing the ecological factors of Ma'anshan and analyzing the landscape pattern model of Greenland system of Ma'anshan, using the digital elevation models created by RS, GIS, and GPS; the network is planned on different scales of the city territory, the plan area and construction area according to the optimal pattern model :"patch-corridor-ecological network". The stable network formed will benefit the overall balanced development of greening city and countryside.The research is made up of the ecological planning, the ecological engineering and ecological management, forming three methodology systems of the ecological construction, which is innovative and meaningful to the systematic planning, construction and management of urban Greenland system.The theoretical innovation: using the theories and methods of ecology as basic theory, the landscape ecology, urban ecology and economy as theory frame, this paper did a systematic research on the ecological planning, the ecological engineering and ecological management of urban Greenland system, enriching the original theories and methods of the research on urban Greenland system.The technology innovation: using the RS, GIS, and GPS and through the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the urban Greenland system is planned on scales of the city territory, the plan area and the construction area.Practical significance: this research enriches the substance of the systematic planning and management of the urban Greenland, at the same time, it has good operability, practical guidance and realistic significance to the construction of "ecological city".The research on the ecological construction of urban Greenland system has fresh started, there is still much room for its theories and methods. |
PDF Full Text Request