Study Of Urban Design's Space Allocation In Market Economy

Urban design has an inner connection with economy, namely economy is the physical support for urban design as well as the rational direction for the practice of urban design. From the view of economics, the article presents an in-depth analysis of the design and management of urban design in market economy, and then it further reveals that the urban design in market economy is not just an aesthetic design of physical space, but also a balancing and coordination of the economic benefits, social benefits, environmental benefits and political benefits that behind such space. Therefore, the urban design in market economy is a design of space products, and a practice of allocating urban space and its inner interests as well. Space allocation refers to the distribution and arrangement of various rights that dependent to the space, the substantial matters that constitute the space, and the activities inside the space, and space allocation is carried out though diversified design and management techniques on the basis of design. The content of such allocation may consist of the allocation of order at aesthetic aspect, the allocation of efficiency strategy at economic aspect, the allocation of harmonious relation at social and environmental aspect, as well as the allocation of equity rules at political aspect. Its motive is to provide certain theoretical guidance and technical support to the practice of urban design in market economy; to innovate upon highly efficient space allocation techniques, establish a reasonable space allocation mechanism; and thus to shape a comfortable and elegant physical space environment for all citizens and facilitate the harmonious intergrowth between mankind and environment.The existence of the space allocation of urban design in market economy originated in the transition of modern urban design and the inner function of market economy, such transition can be noticed in following aspects: the urban design that integrates arts and science, the urban design that puts stress on the structure of place, the urban design that puts stress on process control, and the urban design that puts stress on object direction; while such function can be notices in following aspects: economic foundation is the practical assurance of urban design, economic strategy is the controlling approach of urban design, and economic rationality is the rational direction of urban design.In accordance with the type and features of urban design, its allocation techniques can be divided into allocation technology of market direction and government regulation, in which, the allocation technology of market direction is an allocation technique dominated by the regulative functions of market price, namely a bottom-to-top extensive allocation technique, and a space allocation technique dominated by efficiency as well, such as the connotation oriented land utilization technique, space catalyst technique and flexible control technique, consumption oriented market research technique and marketing technique; government controlled space allocation techniques refers to the allocation technique dominated by the compulsory control of government, it is a top-to-bottom intensive allocation technique and an allocation technique dominated by the equity above certain efficiency, as well as the controlling framework of space production and the interest regulation of space consumption.In accordance with the differences between the operational features and internal rationality of space allocation, the space allocation mechanism of urban design in market economy can be divided into space allocation mechanism of market direction and government regulation. The space allocation mechanism of market direction, in which urban design performs allocation of space in the market regulation and control that can be described as"free"and"a invisible hand", is a bottom-to-top operating mechanism, and efficiency is the primary motive and basic demand, such as connotative market operating mechanism and market evaluation mechanism; the space allocation mechanism of government regulation, in which urban design performs allocation of space under the external compulsory control of government, is a top-to-bottom operation mechanism, the foundation and immanence of its functions is seeking equity above certain efficiency, such as connotative public management mechanism and public participation mechanism.With the aim of further demonstrating the techniques and mechanism of the space allocation in market economy, the article selected a practical case for expatiation, on this basis and in consideration of the objective reality in the development of modern society and technology as well as the urban design in China, the articles indicates that the development trend of urban design based on space allocation is the urban design that has balanced allocation between market and government, the urban design that has harmonious allocation between interest and relation, and the urban design that has constant innovation in technology and mechanism.