Study On Calibration Technology Of Superstation

With the development of society and economy, the need for spatial information has been receiving more and more attention. The quality of spatial data decides the reliability of the acquired spatial information directly. As one of the equipment of spatial data collection, the superstation is a kind of 3-d coordinate measuring and positioning system, with the features of automatic distance measurement, angle measurement, calculation, automatic record, automatic transformation, as well as digitalization. Whether the property of the used total station of collecting spatial data can meet the need of data collection is a key part to decide the data quality. The law and regulation of《PRC Measurement Law》,《PRC Surveying and Mapping Law》and《Temporary Management of Mapping Measurement》all have made regulation on the detection of measuring tools. Temporary Management of Mapping Measurement has the regulation like this:as for the units or individuals that do the work concerning measuring and surveying, the measuring tools they use should be tested by Verification institution of mapping measurement of measurement administration department of government, to meet their requirement. Only in this way can they apply for the mapping qualification. It is impossible to apply for qualification examination without qualified certificate. The above measuring tools of measuring and surveying units and individuals should be tested period according to the rules. Only in this way can the measuring tools be used in production. While the measuring tools that haven't been got through the test or exceeded the test period can not be used in any aspect. The teaching measuring and surveying tools can be exemption from check. However, they should be registered in the provincial measuring and surveying bureau, and they can not be used in production. During the test period of the measuring and surveying tools, they can be tested and adjusted by individual according to the use of the tools. Therefore, it is significant to study the test theory and method of each part and function of superstation, which can provide technological guarantee for production. In addition, it is important for the unification of national measurement unit, the accuracy of measuring and the development of production, trade and scientific technology. In this paper, on the basis of elaborating on the measuring and surveying, measuring errors and uncertainty, the following aspects have been studied of superstation.Firstly, according to the regulation of systematic error regarding shafting superstation middle triaxis, the angle measuring values have been rectified by the electronic compensation measures of uniaxial compensation, double-axis compensation and triaxial compensation, in order to lessening the systematic errors caused by incorrection of axis location. In addition, mechanical analysis of the angle measurement influence caused by incorrect position of collimation axis, lateral axis, vertical axis and the relieving measures have been discussed as well. According to the compensation simulation experiment of three axises error by plummet method, it is proved that the three-axis compensation model based on error theory can play pleasant compensationary function.Secondly, the error sources of ranging part of superstation is analyzed. One part is called the ratio error, namely the error of ratio concerning measuring distance. Another part is the inherent error of the equipment, having no relationship with measuring distance. According to the error sources of ranging part of superstation, the methods of test concerning additive constants and multiplicative of ranging part has been discussed. What's more, the paper has discussed the separate verification of three-segment method, and constant and baseline comparison. Meanwhile,the non-equal weight linear regression calculation method of additive and multiplicate constant, additive constant and multiplicate constant concerning determinative equipmen. In equal-weight linear regression calculation, the significant test theory is used to do the calculation of additive constant and multiplicative constant.Thirdly, the basic principals and methods of angle measurement concerning coding disk angle measurement, grating disk angle measurement and dynamic angle measurement have been discussed. In addition, the error regularity of angle measurement has been analyzed concerning the systematic error and occasional error of superstation. In addition, the measuring experiment of standard deviation of one measuring-process vertical angle has been carried out on the basis of German industrial standard of DIN8723-3, verification regulation of JJG100-2003, as well as international standard of ISO 8322-4. Finally, according to the comparative analysis of several methods of solving standard deviation regarding one measuring-process vertical angle, the method of three-step vertical angel standard error has been proposed. Meanwhile, the test experiment regarding multi-target measuring standard error of horizontal angle on the basis of the standard of Industrial Standard of German of DIN8723-3 has been carried out, which discussed the estimating method of the uncertainty of vertical angle and horizontal angle.Fourthly, the paper elaborates on the theories of error ellipse and hypothesis testing, and set up the comprehensive testing model and the third testing model of total station.Error transforming theory is used to deduct the best graph and the testing limited error of angle measurement, distance measurement, as well as coordinate function of the third test. In addition, the specific is used to prove the testing process.