Research On Development Motivation And Organization Strategy Of Railway Heavy-haul Transport

For a long time, China's geographical division between resource-based region and consumption region makes mass freight transport as an important part of railway freight transport and industrial division of labor resulting from economic globalization brings new challenges to railway freight transport. Since the 1980's, in order to tackle the gradually severe contradiction between traffic and transport capacity, China's railway has emphasized the development of railway heavy haul transport as an important mean to accelerate the improvement of railway capacity. At present, China has made a series of achievements in railway heavy haul transport technology and organization. In order to further promote and deepen the development of heavy haul transport, we should study and summarize the strategies and organization technology in depth so that we can reduce transport costs, improve transport efficiency and service quality, enhance the competitiveness of railways, promote the development of rail transport and therefore help railway heavy haul transport lay a good foundation to meet the sustainable development of the integrated transport system.With the funding of the project "heavy-haul capacity technology research- the research on the auxiliary support technology for freight organization on Daqin railway", and through mass field researches and data analysis, in this article, we use the theories and methods of Economics, Management, Transport Organization to study the motivation of China's railway heavy-haul transport, the related policy issues and organizational issues during its development, with the expectation to explore the theory and method for heavy haul transport development, especially those method or strategies to solve organizational problems of railway heavy haul transport. And the main research work and conclusions are as followings:(1) Constructed the dynamic model of railway freight transport development which predicted and analyzed the trend of railway freight quantity and freight turnover. And the maximum deviation is 0.699253%. Between 2007 and 2017 the annual average growth rate of freight quantity and freight turnover are 6.8% and 7.9% respectively. The category structure of the railway traffic will not be changed significantly and coal, metal ores, steel and nonferrous metals, petroleum, food, non-metallic ores still take a main role in the future.(2) Explored the development motivation from three reasons, namely, the Macro-environment of railway heavy haul transport, social welfare effects of railway heavy haul transport, the internal reason of the development. We draw a conclusion:The macro-environment decided the necessity of railway heavy haul development; the development of heavy rail transport is a Pareto improvement; railway heavy haul transport is the inevitable result of the internal requirement of characteristics the current supply and demand of the railway freight and the development of the advantages of railway transport which is regarded as the internal reason for railway heavy haul transport.(3) Studied the decision-making of the operation of railway heavy haul transport trains and prices. Based on economic theory, we built a railway heavy haul economies of scale measurement model and thought that the operational condition of railway heavy haul trains were decided by economies of scale of railway heavy haul transport and general transport; built the optional percentage of heavy haul trains model of randomized cargo flow conditions and concluded that with randomized cargo flow the optional heavy haul train percentage is dependent on the earning rate difference between heavy haul trains and general trains and railway's sensitivity to cost and risk; Studied the decision-making of the operation of railway heavy haul transport trains and prices. Based on economic theory, we built a railway heavy haul economies of scale measurement model and researched the operational condition of railway heavy haul transport based on economies of scale; researched the optional percentage of heavy haul trains of randomized cargo flow conditions and then obtained the rate of general trains and heavy haul trains under the minimum risk state and maximum risk state respectively; and established model of the optional price ratio of railway and road based on Pareto and concluded that China's the optional price ratio is decided by customers preference. (4) Studied the organization strategy for cargo flow and wagon flow of heavy haul transport, mainly including the organization idea of railway heavy haul transport, the motivation of integrated organization of collecting and distributing; the operational strategy needed to meet the centralization of freight transport; and the service quality evaluation methods of railway freight transport based on SERVQUAL. We concluded that the heavy rail transport organization should adopt the market-oriented ideas, introduce e-commerce technology to achieve integrated organization which would benefit transport service quality. The implementation of integrate organization of collecting and distributing was the result of its system coordination. Railway freight centralization operation for heavy haul transport included:information technology as the main means to achieve the "centralized receiving and optimize loading", the basis of site optimization, prerequisite of business process reconstruction, improving the integrated system as supporting local acts measures and enhancing the value of enterprise products as the goal. The centralization of rail freight transport for heavy haul transport can adopt the division of terminal, section and region which means the centralization of rail freight companies can be achieved by adopting three-phase operational strategies. The wagon flow organization of railway heavy haul transport should organize various train formation meeting the market demand according to the wagon flow's characteristics and market demand. Therefore service quality evaluation methods of railway freight transport based on SERVQUAL is credible and reliable.(5) Established cellular automaton model of railway heavy haul transport and simulated the relationship of different train proportion, average speed and density of some interval's heavy haul trains. The results indicated that the model was reliable and could provide justification for current railway heavy haul transport organization.(6) Based on the above research, we analyzed the goods flow and wagon flow organization strategy for Daqin railway with annual 400 million tons and thought that Daqin railway should adopt the integrated organization of collecting and distributing, deepen the freight centralization with strategies for goods flow and wagon flow, construct strategic loading point, scientifically plan freight resource flow, adopt various organization of wagon flow and goods flow, adjust the organization of empty trains and rationally use rolling stock.