Theory And Technology Of Location And Planning On Road Passenger Transportation Terminal

Road passenger terminal is a very important transportation infrastructure. It is the center of passengers gather and distribution, in which the passenger transportation is organized and multimodal transportation is operated. As a node or site between transportation links and between transportation models, road passenger terminal play an increasingly important role in the passenger transportation system. With the construction and development of national level road passenger transportation hub, local road passenger transportation hub and gather-distribution road passenger hub are necessary and useful supplement to national level hub in the passenger transportation system, as the part of entire road passenger transportation hubs. Owing to the influences of these factors:national macro-strategic policy, regional transportation environment, local economic development as well as many other relevant factors, the plan of passenger hub macro-location and the evaluation of terminal micro-location have became two hot issues in the research field of passenger hub layout plan. Base on the characteristics and operation state of our country road passenger terminal and the process of the road passenger terminal overall layout plan, a comprehensive analysis of these factors affecting road passenger terminal plan, a development of the method for passenger terminal demand analysis, an improvement in planning theory of passenger terminal, and an expansion of the study on passenger terminal plan are carried out, which contributes to improve the theory and method of our country road passenger terminal layout planning, which help to enhance the operational efficiency of road passenger terminal and to realize the sustainable development of road passenger transportation and integrated transportation.In the dissertation, the theory and method of road passenger terminal layout planning are studied and analyzed from four aspects:hub demand prediction hub macro-location, terminal micro-location, hub construction order. The main contents of this dissertation are summarized as follows:(1) The definition, role, classification and grade of road passenger hub are described. The steps, goals and principles of road passenger hub plan are presented. An overview of research at home and abroad on the theory and method of road passenger terminal layout planning also are presented.(2) These factors affecting passenger terminal plan are described from there aspects: national macro-strategic policy, regional transportation environment, local economic development. The prediction methods of passenger volume in terminal are analysed. A practical case is adopted to describe the process of the demand prediction of the passenger transportation Terminal.(3) A method of road passenger transportation hub location based on multi-objective optimization is presented. First, the road passenger transportation network in planning area is simplified as a directed graph and the hub location problem is transformed into 0-1 planning problem. Then the total hubs building cost, passenger network transportation expenses and trip distance is selected as the optimization objectives, which is subject to the actual conditions of road passenger transportation. Finally, Multi-objective genetic algorithm based on the selection after multi-objective value ordering and combining is adopted to model solution, and a computation example of passenger hub location is tested and analyzed.(4) On the basic of analyzing the principles, indicator system, indicator quantifying of road passenger terminal micro-location. The combined evaluation methods are proposed including based on principal component analysis and BP neural network (PCA-BP method), based on fuzzy neural network(FNN method), and based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP), data envelopment analysis (DEA) and grey correlation evaluation(GCE) (AHP-DEA-GCE method). A method based on indicator chains also is presented. A practical example is also presented to validate these methods. These methods are described in detail as followed:(a) In the PCA-BP method, principal component analysis was applied to gain the principal components of terminal layout, which can eliminate the correlation among previous indexes. The principal components were employed as the input variables of BP neural network, thus the problem of poor efficiency in BP neural network owing to excessive input variables is solved.(b) FNN method uses fuzzy set theory to simulate how decision-makers assess the determinants of the goodness of layout scenarios. It also takes advantages of neural network model to memorize the fuzzy rules to comprehensively evaluate the layout scenarios according to the multiple determinants. The method integrates the favorable aspects of both fuzzy set theory and neural network model, and is applicable to rank the layout scenarios effectively.(c) AHP-DEA-GCE method integrates the favorable aspects of the three methods. DEA is employed together with AHP to determine the weight vector, because DEA is able to overcome the uncertain subjectivity and get close to the optimality of the evaluation by obtaining proper weight. The obtained weight vector is then used for decision-making units to calculate the relatively optimal correlation degrees, and then the layout design scenarios can be sorted in the order of performances.(d) In the method based on indicator chains, the weights and the deviation functions between any two indicators are first determined and established. Then an indicator graph is constructed by indicator nodes and deviation functions. In the graph, a Hamilton circle represents a kind of evaluating and the shortest Hamilton circle is the optimal evaluation. Finally, the priority ordering is made by the optimal evaluation of every possible scheme. The method simulates the decision-made process by comparative analysis and possesses certain applicability.(5) On the basic of analyzing these factors affecting the building order of passenger terminal, a method based on 0-1 integer programming is presented to study the building order. The sum of the investment costs, waste management costs and related financing expenses is selected as the objective function. The different construction requirements are transformed into constraint conditions. Since the model belongs to a small-scale problem, enumeration method is adapted to find optimal solution.(6) The plan of road passenger terminals in Langfang city is adopted as a practical case. In the case, the background, objectives, period and guiding idea of the plan are described in detail. The layout program design and the evaluation of micro-location is particularly analyzed and studied. An investment estimate also is given for each passenger terminal.