Blood Supply And Distribution Of Mast Cells, Collagen, ANP In Heart Of Bactrian Camel (Camelus Bactrianus)

In order to study the mechanism that Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) are adaptative to harsh living surroundings, the blood supply of heart, the distribution characteristic of mast cells, myocardial collagen and atrial natriuretic peptide of the adult and embryo Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) were investigated by the means of anatomy, blood cast, histochemistry, electron microscopy and imrnunohistochemistry. The results show as follows:1. A. coronaria sinistra and A. coronaria dextra originate from the left and right aortic sinus running between truncus pulmonalis and auricular sinistra and auricula dextra, respectively. A. coronaria sinistra gives off two branches including ramus interventricularis paraconalis and ramus circumflexus sinister which coursein sulcus interventricularis paraconalis and sulcus coranarius for about, respectively. Ramus interventricularis paraconalis gives rise to a large of branches toward Septum interventriculare and ventriculus sinister, few of that toward the wall of ventricuculus dexter. It extends in a distance of about two third in sulcus interventricularis paraconalis, where two muscular bridges were seen. Ramus circumflexus sinister extends in the sulcus coronaries below auricula sinistra giving rise to several branches of varying sizes that supply blood to ventriculus sinister and atrium sinistrum. Ramus nodi sinuatrialis originates from ramus circumflexus sinister. However, there is only case comes from A. coronaria sinistra directly. A. coronaria dextra splits abruptly into ramus circumflexus dexter and ramus interventricularis subsinuosus in the atrioventricular junction. The two branches run in right sulcus coronaries and sulcus interventricularis subsinuosus, respectively. Ramus circumflexus dexter divides into several fine branches to supply blood to the margin of the posterior wall of ventriculus sinister, atrioventricular junction and nodi atrioventricularis and does not anastomose with ramus circumflexus sinister of a. coronaria sinistra Ramus interventricularis subsinuosus disperses mainly in the posterior wall of ventriculus dexter and ventriculus sinister. According to the pattern of distribution of a. coronaria dexter and a. coronaria sinistra, Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) belongs to group B due to ramus interventricularis subsinuosus is a branch of a. coronaria dexter. The morphology, size and nuclear zone of endothelium vary for different segments of the coronary arteries. Furthermore, there are platelets and monocytes in the surface of the vessel. Septum interventriculare receives most of its blood supply from ramus interventricularis paraconalis. The ramus interventricularis subsinuosus and atrioventricular nodes supply the proximal and distal area of septum interventriculare. Branches from ramus interventricularis subsinuosus and ramus interventricularis paraconalis anastomose in the middle and distal part of septum interventriculare.2. Mast cells (MCs) were observed in the heart of camel embryo in the present study. The typical shape of MCs stained in the heart was round or oval. The most characteristic feature of these cells was that they located predominantly in the perivascular region. Few MCs scattered among the cardiac myocytes ware also found. MCs containing tryptase were detected in each part of the heart mast cell density (MCD) in the heart of camel embryo is relatively low, ranging from. The highest MCD was observed in the right ventricle, whereas that of the right atrium was the lowest. In contrast to the right ventricle, the MCD of the left ventricle and atrium was relatively low. There were no significant differences between the density of the whole ventricle and that of the whole atrium. It appears that large number of the mast cells was in close contact with microvessels. The Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between MCD and microvessel density (MVD) in the ventricle (rs=0.895, p<0.01). Conversely, no significant associations between MCD and MVD in the atrium were found (rs=-0.078, p=0.742)3. It was found that abundant collagen exists between myocytes, cardiac bundles, myocytes and vessels. There are three kinds of types for collagen network, which includes epimyium, perisium and endomysium. The epimysium is the connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle, the endomysium surrounds individual myocardial cells, and the perimysium surrounds groups of myocytes. Collagen bundles connect with Z bound of the endomysium by means of its sustentation. Collagen surrounding the outside of vessel interlace with other collagen encircling myocytes. Collagen fiber encircles cardiac bundles in the form of wave. Every layer connects with each other by means of collagen network.4. Immunoreactivity was detected in the myoendocrine cells of right ventricle, right and left atria in the form deposits. The size of granules and staining intensities were various. The most abundant granules cardiomyocytes were localized in the right atria. The granules were mainly concentrated in the perinuclear zone, few scattered in the cytoplasm. There were no granules in the vessels, nerve and interstitium of the heart. The myoednocrine cells were characterized by aeuchromatic, ovoid nucleus with deep indentations. Golgi apparatus developed well and mitochondria with tubular cristae were large. The granules were membrane-bound and their electron-density and size were various. The diameter ranged from 120nm to 500nm. The myoendocrine cells, like the ordinary working cells, were connected end-to-end by intercalated discs. It was not found ANP-immunoreaction in the left ventricle.