Study On Comprehensive Management Model Of Qinzhuanggou Watershed In Weibei Dryland Of Shaanxi Province

Comprehensive management of water and soil conservation of small watershed in Loess Plateau area, is an important part of the ecological environment protection of China’s overall strategy. Area in Dry Upland to Northern Weihe River, where is located in the south of Loess plateau, belongs to Shanxi, Shannxi and Gansu plateau gully region in the latest soil and water conservation regionalization. Small watersheds with climate drought and water shortage in Dry Upland to Northern Weihe River, their soil erosion is severe, their agricultural cultivation has a long history, the ecological environment destroys severely, natural disasters occur frequently, soil and water loss is relatively strong, social economy is backward, people live in poverty. An analysis of comprehensive management of small watershed can greatly ameliorate the ecological environment, remain the acquired achievements of comprehensive management, promote the sustainable development of local economy and society, as well as the loess plateau ecology economy coordinated development, and has important significances of theory and practice.However, the research findings on comprehensive management of small watershed mode in Dry Upland to Northern Weihe River has been less, especially lack with factor endowment of the subject and local farmers’ perception to study comprehensive management models of small watershed. This paper selected the representative Qinzhuanggou watershed of Dry Upland to Northern Weihe River, at first, comprehensive management of small watershed must align with the stage of economic and social development, secondly, prioritizing the local farmers of production and life needs, ect. All these new ideas on comprehensive management of small watershed model focus on small watershed system’s factor endowments, local farmers’ participation and small scale spatial differences, so it can provide scientific basis for soil and water conservation and economic social development in Loess Plateau area, especially in Area of Northern Weihe River Basin, shannxi.After9times of field investigation, this paper is based on a large amount of original materials which from sampling and analysis, the questionnaire, interview and data statistics, ect. In this paper, the main research contents and results include the following aspects: 1.This paper puts forward the matching between comprehensive management of small watershed and the economic and social development stage is an important issue of study of soil and water conservation in small watershed, first proposed that the scientific concept of the matching between comprehensive management small watershed mode and the economic and social development stage. Using the problem tree analysis method,analyzed the economic and social development status and comprehensive control of soil and water loss management stage, defined the current economic and social development of Qinzhuanggou in traditional agriculture stage, its comprehensive management is in the stage of improvement of soil and water conservation which is dominated by traditional measures of soil and water conservation. Discussed the matching method of comprehensive management mode and the development of economy and society, compared different stages of the main control measures and ways of implementation. And analyzed the matching performance of small watershed comprehensive management and economic and social development. Based on matching, put forward that the goal of comprehensive management is to achieve a virtuous cycle of ecological agriculture system and the local farmers out of poverty by comprehensive soil and water conservation management in Qinzhuanggou.2. In past research, the relative lack of materials, relatively consistent of the facts and concept on system’s factor endowments, so the author did a lot of field investigation, soil samples were taken by drilling in different land types, analyzing of N, P, K, organic matter, soil moisture, trace and heavy metal pollution elements,etc, more than20index. Using the samples of the surface runoff, water (groundwater), rain, pit water sampling, according to national standard, analyzed of the dissolved oxygen, COD、BOD、bacteria and the total coliform bacteria and heavy metals, And calculated the total water resources for the use and regulation of small watershed. According to the investigation, the high resolution data for land use map, checking and proofreading the translation, the base year2011land use maps,obtain information of land resources and land use regulation. Conducting a comprehensive survey on population, agriculture, transportation, resources, agricultural infrastructure, water and soil conservation measures, households’economic situation,etc. Through investigation and research found there is a huge difference between natural endowments and humanistic endowments in micro scale space. Analyzed the regulation of land use spatial heterogeneity in detailed. Found out the reasons of these differences either are infected by topography, hydrology and other natural factors, or agriculture, infrastructure and farmers used concepts such as the influence of the human factors.3. Based on matching analysis the small watershed comprehensive management small watershed mode and economic social development stage, a questionnaire survey was conducted to1897rural households, obtained the detailed data of soil and water conservation by households interviewed, village cadre interview and local government departments discussion. From aspects of soil and water conservation comprehensive management, such as engineering, agriculture, ecology, water resources, agriculture, human settlements environment,etc. Set of28specific measures which is universal significance, expectation, perception and satisfaction of management before and after the treatment. Using Importance-Performance Analysis model system analyzed firstly Farmers’perception.The study found that the local farmers agreed to the check dam, dam, terrace, forest and grass, planting and other traditional measures of soil and water conservation awareness. In term of local farmers’livelihood measures, there are significant differences between perception and expectation, such as safety of drinking water, silt dam road, disaster prevention, environment and water resources utilization. The higher perception of planting trees and grass, reflected the scientific and economic benefits of forest and grass measures used in the design of management small watershed. studying the farmers’perception by using the IPA method, not only provides the basis for the analysis of social benefit of water and soil conservation measures, but also provides the scientific basis for the farmers participatory of water and soil conservation theory model.4.2011as the base year, the objective of the overall planning for economic and social development, on the basis of study such as the main environmental factors of soil and water conservation function and benefit, agricultural industry structural adjustment and economic and social development, deeply analyzing the interaction among the various factors of environmental system, economic system, and social system in Qinzhuanggou. Using System Dynamic modell, preparing51modell parameter equation and11the state equation. The first design the ecological, economic and social governance sub modell of SD sub watershed in QinZhuangou and Society-Ecology-Economy System Dynamic Model. Supported by vensim software to operate the small watershed SEE-SD model, optimize and adjust various parameters, on the basis of the objectives and tasks on soil and water conservation in Qinzhuanggou, proposed3optimization adjustment schemes of comprehensive management. Combined with the optimization scheme, in order to protect of life, proposed to steady the grain production, focus on benefit by centralizing terracing and increase the vegetation cover. The measures of comprehensive management are to rational use of water resources, develope of ecological agriculture economy, improve the living environment and quality in Dry Upland to Northern Weihe River.5. According to study on the system factor endowments, farmers’perception, a system dynamics model and optimization,as well as consult research findings of Soil and water conservation comprehensive management small watered in Area of Northern Weihe River Basin, proposed8kinds of comprehensive management mode. The water and soil conservation management small watered mode:mode of ecological agriculture, facility agriculture mode, green organic agricultural products mode, fruit base model, living demand model, improving human settlements mode and participatory mode of8kinds of comprehensive management mode. Base on study spatial differences of natural and humanities factor endowments, analyzed the goal of different modes, application of specific region and the problems and measures of various modes.