| Small watershed comprehensive management is an important measure in water and soil conservation, small watershed management plays an important role either starting from the Conservation of Yangtze River Soil and Water, or the exploitation of regional advantageous resources, the development of local economy.In this paper, taking Wuguan small watershed in dry-hot valley of Jinsha River Basin as the study subjects, collecting basic information about the circumstances of local nature, social-economy, soil erosion and soil and water conservation in the relevant departments of Leibo County, the author makes track survey on management measures and its efficiency of 100 households by the method of seim-structured interviews. Based on the application of physical geography, soil science, soil and water conservation science and mathematical statistics theory, it analyzes the reason of soil erosion in Wuguan small watershed, and summarize the conditions of comprehensive management of the watershed since the implementation of the project of "comprehensive management of the Yangtze River" in recent 20a, including the governance phase, control measures and investment conditions, and makes the analysis and evaluation on the cost-effectiveness by the establishment of evaluation index system, the using of analytical hierarchy approach(AHP) to determine index weights, and the weighted evaluation model to get effectiveness scores, then points out the problems of management in Wuguan small watershed, and proposes the measures and suggestions on scientific and rational management, and the exploitation of small watershed. After the study, we get the following preliminary conclusions:(1) The comprehensive management measures in Wuguan small watershed should make grass-based measures as mainly, including the development of economic fruit forest to be one of the most important measures in small watershed management.(2) This paper selects 12 indexes and establishes evaluation index system of comprehensive benefit of small watershed management, and selects 3 relatively important indexes of governance level, the per-capita grain production and marketing rate of agricultural products according to contribution rate. In accordance with the index contribution rate, the control degree (0.5127)> forest-grass coverage rate (0.2605)> soil erosion modulus (0.1504)> soil fertility (0.0764); per capita output of grain (0.4887)> per capita net income (0.3041)> total value of farm output (0.1374)> land productivity (0.0698); marketable farm produce (0.4668)> educational level (0.2776)> per capita cultivated area (0.1603)>incidence of poverty (0.0953). According to the contribution rate, the three indexes of governance level, the per-capita grain production and marketing rate of agricultural products are relatively important in Jinsha River Dry-hot Valley.(3) with the view of effectiveness increase, the comprehensive effectiveness has increased from 0.41 in 1989 to 1.45 in 2007, with an increase of 253.66 percent, reached III level, the comprehensive management also has get the medium level, The valley is in the intermediate benign cycle state, which consists with reality.(4) The economic effectiveness gets the highest score, has reachedⅣlevel, but its increase rate and contribution rate are lowest. After the calculation of effectiveness scores, it shows that the economic effectiveness (1.65)> eco-efficiency (1.45)> social benefits (1.34); In the point of increase rate, social benefits (318.75%)> eco-efficiency (245.24%)> the economic effectiveness (217.31%). Among them, the eco-efficiency value is 1.45 in 2007, has get an increase of 245.24 percent compared with 0.42 in 1989; economic effectiveness has increased from the value of 0.52 in 1989 to 1.65 in 2007, with an increase of 217.31 percent; the score of social benefits has increased from the value of 0.29 in 1989 to 1.39 in 2007,with an increase of 379.31 percent; in the perspective of the efficiency contribution rate, the economic effectiveness (0.5396)> eco-efficiency (0.2970)> social benefits (0.1634). (5)The overall efficiency change is upward trend, but there are differences between the treatment phase. Trend of overall efficiency consists with trend of ecological benefits; economic effectiveness is always on the rise, and increase much bigger; social benefits are in a downward trend between 2002—2007.①Measures layout is less reasonable.②The development of the three major benefits is not enough coordination.③Widespread destruction exists.④Food production increases slowly.⑤Late capital investment is insufficient.Based on the problems of small watershed comprehensive management, it makes the following recommendations:①Make rational planning according to local conditions.②Coordinate the development of three major benefits.③Enhance management and protection to prevent damage.④Develop water-saving agriculture.⑤Encourage the development of private and Water Conservation. |
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