Reasonable Exploitation And Sustainable Utilization Of Wildlife Resources And Nature Reserves In China

The wildlife resources similar to other biomass resources, has very big value, it's exploitation and utilization is reasonable. The wildlife resources (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) of China contain four characteristics: plenty of species number, a lot of unique species, many rare and precious species, many economic valuable species. These characteristics provide us the prior condition for our utilization of wildlife resources.The exploitation history of wildlife in China is long, but the tradition utilization is the depredation type, and causes the economic species rare, or get close to extinction. The modern exploitation and utilization of wildlife resources should be based on the sustainable development theory. "The total programming on national wildlife conservation and nature reserve construction" puts the sustainable utilization of wildlife as an important plan in following years.The value constitution and analysis of wildlife is a necessary premise of the exploitation. The worth theories of nature resources are adopted in analyzing the wildlife resources. The value of the wildlife resources includes the direct use value, indirect use value, option value, existence value and relics value. While the wildlife species is mainly constituted by the direct use value, indirect use value and the relics value. The direct use value includes the use of meat, medicine, skin feather etc. This part can be evaluated by means of the marker price. The other two kinds of values can be measured by Contingent Value Method (CV method). For example, with the analysis method described as above, one Siberia tiger is valued Y 1 254.0 thousand.Whether a wildlife species can be exploited or not is related to many factors, including wildlife species biology (population number, distribution area), endangered degree and conservation situation, breeding status etc. By synthesizing these factors, can we get a useable index for each wildlife species. Then we can decide to exploit the species or not, the exploitation degree etc. The examples of common pheasant and red crowned crane are measured, the results show that the Common pheasant could be used. Whilethe red crowned crane could not be used now, but because the red crowned crane have already been bred successfully, the second domestic generation could be used with the marking means.If the construction of wildlife product is unreasonable or not sound, it will obstruct the development of the wildlife conservation business seriously. This paper suggests a new adjustment to the present industrial structure which including wildlife hunting, wildlife breeding, product processing and managing, circulation and selling, auction, leasing, and establishes the new industrial structure of the system diversification, brings up the sustainable use of wildlife resources.The establishing of nature reserve is for the protection of wildlife, biology diversity and nature resources. It is also a symbol of the human beings and social civilization. Realizing the various value of nature reserve is new need towards nature reserve, the reasonable utilization of nature reserve contains important meaning to the development of both nature reserve and social community around the nature reserve.The management of nature reserve in China is by means of different classes (national class, province class... etc.) and different function area (core area, buffer zone, experiment area). Such management allows us to make use of every nature reserve in its experiment area, and no difference in different nature reserve shows. The result is either reasonable exploitation forbidden or over exploitation without any limitation. This paper suggests that the classification management should be introduced into our policy. Basing on the different factors of nature reserve, we could divide the nature reserve into three types (utilization prohibition, utilization limited, and utilization).Community involvement in management (CIM) is a good way to encourage the community to help to conserve the nature reso...