Effects Of Socio-economic Development On Wildlife Conservation Of Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve From The Perspective Of Local Residents

Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve is a crucial demonstration area of biodiversity conservation in Yunnan,China,as protecting endangered wild animals and plants along with unique natural ecosystems.The protection constraints limited local socio-economic development and residents' income levels,although some work has been carried out in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve for several years.Moreover,it also affected not only the development of the local economy,but also the progress of wildlife protection in the Reserve.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a comparatively systematic study on the coordination between wildlife protection and regional socio-economic development in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve.Our aim is to gradually get a balance between sustainable conservation and local economic development.Taken Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and its surrounding communities as investigation regions,the relationship between the protection effectiveness of the Reserve and its regional socio-economic development was systematically analyzed by the sociological research methods such as field interviews,questionnaire surveys,field investigations,and descriptive statistical analysis,correlation analysis,correlation analysis,and regression analysis.The results of the study show that:1.A high proportion of agricultural population was found in the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve area,and a strong dependence on natural resources was observed.The population structure of ethnic minorities is large and diverse.Tourism in this region is the pillar reflecting the strong dependence of the regional economic development on the natural environment and wild animal and plant resources.2.The willingness and awareness of conservation are very strong for community residents,which is specifically reflected in:(1)More than half of community residents participated in wildlife patrol activities,publicity and education activities,and specific protection measures such as wildlife protection planning.(2)More than 95%of community residents understand the local protected species and are familiar with wildlife protection laws and regulations,etc.This reflects that the residents of the surrounding communities in the Baima Snow Mountain Reserve have a high awareness of wildlife protection.(3)More than 70%of residents recognize the wildlife protection policies and current protection methods adopted by the Baima Snow Mountain Reserve,and are willing to restrict their production and life activities and behaviors for the protection of wild animals.3.The protection of wildlife in the Baima Snow Mountain area affected the social and economic development of the surrounding area,and the residents of the surrounding communities have little benefit from the protection and utilization of wildlife.It is a potential risk for the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve in promoting protection.The protection of wild animals in Baima Snow Mountain mainly affects the input of community residents'agricultural and forestry production.It accounts for 44.13%that the increase of input by more than 20%.This investigation shows that the protection requirements have a relatively large impact on farmers' agricultural and forestry production input.At the same time,local governments and nature reserves provide very few subsidies to surrounding communities due to protection restrictions.Only 7.58%of community residents report receiving a small amount of subsidies.In addition,it is very low,less than 10%,that community residents' participation in wildlife utilization and eco-tourism.And it is only 3912.5 yuan that the average annual income of these participating community residents.4.The survey reflected by managers shows that there is a high degree of dependence on nature protection for the located village,and the dependence degree exceeded 30%accounting for 50%.More manpower and smaller finance were for the village reflected by more than 50%of managers in the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve.In order to protect the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve,more than 40%of managers believe that the cost of agricultural and forestry production in their village can be increased by more than 20%to meet the needs of the reserve.But the residents of the village have not received any subsidies at present.The current cognition of managers has a great influence on the sustainable and effective development of Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve in the future.5.The impact of wildlife protection on regional economic development relate to the development of local industries,the utilization of wildlife resources and the development of poverty alleviation industries.The specific influencing factors between wildlife protection and regional social and economic development are as follows:(1)from positive impact,the main factors affecting the regional social and economic development of wildlife protection are mainly the religious beliefs of surrounding residents,the utilization of wildlife protection resources,Peripheral residents' policy cognition,wildlife protection constraints,wild animal protection popularization,wildlife protection income,and gender of surrounding residents.(2)from negative impacts,the main factors are the satisfaction of surrounding residents,wildlife protection planning,wildlife protection constraints,education level of surrounding residents,utilization of wildlife resources,and wildlife laws.6.Result by model analysis shows that:(1)there is a very positive impact on regional social and economic development for the religious beliefs of surrounding residents,the utilization of wildlife protection resources,the restriction of wildlife protection,and the popularization of wildlife protection;there is some positive effects for the religious beliefs of surrounding residents and the utilization of wildlife protection resources.(2)There is a strong negative impact on regional social and economic development for the satisfaction of surrounding residents,wildlife protection constraints,the utilization of wildlife resources,and wildlife laws;there is some negative impact for wildlife protection planning and the education level of surrounding residents.Taken together all of above,it was proposed that some management method about conservation of the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve.And it is recommended that the Nature Reserve fully participate in the local socio-economic development,use its own resource advantages,policy advantages and technological advantages,and adopt effective policies and measures.These approaches will promote the integrated development of regional socio-economic development and wildlife conservation.