Study On Molecular Cytogenetics Of Nian Type CMS And Development Of Its The New Sterile System By Substituting Fertility Gene Carrier In Wheat

The cytoplasm male sterile wheat is an important way in using studies and utilizationof heterosis in wheat, and it is an important field in crop genetic and breeding study.Building new male sterile system is an major foundation work. Recently, the male sterilewheat varieties with Aeglops kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa ,Ae. bicorniscytoplasm were appointed valuable CMS, which were easily maintained and easilyrestored, and because the CMS were full seed and good agronomical character, andproduced advantageous condition in composing heterosis combination and improvingmaking seed. But most CMS with 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome produced somehaploid, their fertility restore were easily changed, act. These question hindered that1BL/1RS CMS lines were used in production in great area. So the good maintainer of fourmale sterile wheat with Aeglops kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. bicorniscytoplasm were detected by C-banding and GISH and were crossed by a great of progenymaterials to analysis why the CMS 5-1 and 7-21 were easily restored. The fertilityspecificity of CMS wheat with Ae.bicornis cytoplasms were crossed by some wheatvarieties and studied by APAGE, peroxidase isozyme zymograms and microsporogenesiscytological observation so that new sterile system with Ae. bicornis cytoplasm was buildedin common wheat. The results were as follows: Two male sterile wheat varieties with Aeglops kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa,4 粘类小麦 ＣＭＳ 分子细胞遗传学研究及其育性基因载体替换后新不育体系的建拓Ae. bicornis cytoplasm were detected by APAGE, C-banding and GISH. APAGE analysisindicated that new male sterile wheat 5-1and 7-21 possessed the same the gliadin markerGld1B3 of 1RS translocation chromosome as other male sterile wheat, such as 77(2),8222,yanshi 9,83(37)65,80(6). The C-banding and GISH detected that 7-21 and 5-1was 1BL/1RS translocation because of their terminal banding of 1RS chromosome, twosatellite chromosomes and translocated in 1BS chromosome terminal. These resultssuggested that Gld1B3, satellite chromosomes and terminal C-banding of 1RSchromosome could be molecular cytogenetics marker of 1BL/1RS male sterile wheat. Asuit of effective way was built in CMS wheat breeding from gliadin, cytogenetics,molecular to GISH. It was conformed that the abnormal meiosis of 1BL/1RS translocationchromosome in their crossing F1 was one of the important reason that the fertilityrestoration of 1B/1R CMS lines was low and easy to change. 250 random 10-mer primers were screened on DNA samples of male sterile linewheat with Aeglops kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa, Ae. bicornis cytoplasm andtheir maintainer 5-1, among which 217 primers produced some bands, primer S22produced repeatable polymorphic band to ms (Ae. ventricosa)-5-1 in １６００　ｂｐ, primer　Ｓ２０２produced repeatable polymorphic band to (Ae. kotschyi)-5-1 in １３００ｂｐ． S22 as well asproduced repeatable polymorphic band to mt DNA of ms (Ae. ventricosa)-5-1 in １６００　ｂｐ,　ｂｕｔ　primer　Ｓ２０２　ｄｉｄ　ｎｏｔ　produced repeatable polymorphic band to mt DNA of ms (Ae.kotschyi)-5-1 in １３００　ｂｐ　ａｎｄ　ｓｈｏｗｅｄ　polymorphic band to mt DNA of CMS.　 Four male sterile wheat with Aeglops kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae.bicornis cytoplasm, were crossed with some wheat materials, and from the crosses aseries of maintenance lines were selected by investigating F1 fertility. (1)TheAPAGE(acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis indicated that most maintenancelines possessed the gliadin marker Gld1B3 of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome. (2)There were two male sterile systems when Ae. bicornis cytoplasm and different nucleusin common wheat. Three male sterile wheats with Aeglops kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Ae.ventricosa cytoplasm had same fertility , but the male sterile wheat with Ae. bicorniscytoplasm could produce male sterile with some other wheat materials with non-...