| The effects of estrogen on the expression of ER, NGF and ChAT in rats brain was studied by using technique of immunohistochemical ultrasensitive SP in Sprague-Dawley rat. The model of aging and ovariectomized female rat were established to study the expression and distribution of ER, NGF and ChAT in the cerebellum, diencephalons, telencephalon and pituitary after 17β-estradiol treatment, and the mechanism of its effects were discussed. In addition, the modulation of 17β-estradiol on growth and neuroendocrine in primary cultural neurons in vitro were researched. The main results as follows:1. The immunoreactive productions were distributed in stratum Purkinje cell, nucleus golbosus, nucleus interpositus and nucleus fastigii of cerebellum, and the ER positive production mainly located in plasma, cytoplasmic membrane and neurite, also exited in nucleus. It showed that ER, NGF and ChAT played a key role in cerebellum, and the action of estrogen in cerebellum could via genomic and nongenomic mechanism. The general tendency of the expression of ER, NGF and ChAT positive production in cerebellum cortex and nuclei of the aging and ovariectomized rat is significantly decreased, while the intensity and quantity of the immunoreactive production ascended predominantly after 17β-estradiol treatment, simultaneously, the positive neurite of Purkinje cell showed the same tendency. The above results suggested that the estrogen upregulated the expression of NGF and ChAT, and played a vital role in sustaining and protecting the structure and function of cerebellum neurons. Furthermore, the similarity of their changing tendency implied that they were correlated and cooperated during the course of effect of estrogen on cerebellum.2. ER, NGF and ChAT immunoreactive productions were widely presented in diencephalons, mainly in nucleus habenula, nucleus corpus geniculatum lateral, nucleus medialis thalami, nucleus lateral thalami, nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus paratenialis, nucleus rhomboidens, grisea periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypoythalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, anterior region and posterior region hypothalami. ER immunoreactive production existed in several formation, located in plasma, cytoplasmic membrane, nucleus and neurite, while the positive production of NGF and ChAT mainly existed in plasma and neurite, which suggested that ER, NGF and ChAT played a critical role in diencephalons, and the action of estrogen was complicated and via both genomic and non- genomic mechanism. The ER, NGF and ChAT immunoreactive production in diencephalons rat is significantly reduced in aging and ovariectomized rat, and treating with estrogen could greatly improve the immunoreactive intensity and positive cell number. The results illustrated that estrogen could upregulate the expression of NGF and ChAT by conjunction with ER. Estrogen is essential in sustaining the structure and function of neurons of diencephalons. Moreover, the effects of estrogen in diencephalons are correlated with NGF and ChAT. 3. The positive production of ER, NGF and ChAT were detected in cirguli cortex, parieta lobe, frontal lobe, piriformis cortex and nucleus amydgaloideus corticalis, hippocampus gyrus fasciolaris, subiculum, CA2 and CA3, and mainly presented in nucleus medial septal, nucleus lateral septal and nucleus of diagonal band vertical division in septal-diagonal band area. In addition, the ER immunoreactive production located in plasma, nucleus, cytomembrane and neurite. The above results suggested that ER, NGF and ChAT played a key role in telencephalon, and the mechanism of its effect could be via genomic and /or nongenomic way. In the mostly part of telencephalon, the intensity and number of ER, NGF and ChAT positive production were significantly decreased in both aging and ovariectomized rat, which could be inhibited by treating with 17β-estradiol, even back to the normal level, which suggested that estrogen could upregulate NGF and ChAT, which could be partly re...
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